JA Alpha
- Details
Boiler Operator (LP)
Topic 1 Introduction to Thermodynamics
Learning Outcome
Explain the principles of thermodynamics and the modes of heat transfer.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the three states of matter.
- Describe the expansion of solids and liquids.
- Explain the different temperature scales used in thermodynamics (Celsius and Fahrenheit).
- Explain sensible and latent heat, and the thermodynamic transformation of ice to steam.
- Describe the three modes of heat transfer.
- Explain the energy in the expansion of water to steam.
Topic 2 Fire Safety and Site Hazards
Learning Outcome
Discuss acceptable methods of extinguishing various classifications of fire. Briefly describe site hazards awareness.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the overall need for and the intent of fire protection standards, laws, and regulations.
- Explain the different fire classifications and describe the extinguishing methods for each.
- Explain the application and operation of standpipes, hoses, and sprinklers in buildings.
- Explain the various types of fire and smoke detectors.
- Describe the operation, placement, and maintenance of the common types of portable extinguishers.
- Discuss the need for and use of a fire pump.
- Briefly describe safety aspects of common site hazards.
- Explain how to perform a pre‐job hazard assessment.
Learning Outcome
Describe how the building operator can prevent accidental situations to protect the occupants of their facility.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the personal safety responsibilities and precautions that must be applied by the building operator.
- Describe the general safety precautions required in the maintenance and operation of buildings.
- Identify common scenarios where the building operator can prevent accidents, and explain the importance of first aid and CPR training.
Learning Outcome
Describe procedures needed to enter into, or work safely in confined spaces.
Learning Objectives
- Define confined space, list some confined spaces, and describe the hazards of being in a confined space.
- Refer to local jurisdictional regulations and describe procedures to be followed when performing a confined space entry, including completion of an entry checklist.
Topic 5 Introduction to Occupational Health and Safety Legislation
Learning Outcome
Discuss the provincial legislation addressing occupational health and safety.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the general intent of occupational health and safety standards.
- Discuss some of the responsibilities, according to the Act, of workers, employers, and others in relation to health and safety.
- Describe the conditions that must exist before a worker can refuse to work.
- Identify jurisdictional regulations related to health and safety.
- List the two different types of logs kept in boiler plants and the importance of each.
Topic 6 Introduction to Heating Plant Safety
Learning Outcome
Describe general plant safety as it relates to Power Engineers.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the cost and effects of workplace accidents.
- Describe the basic hazards that may exist in an energy plant, and the basic personal protective equipment that may be required.
- Define, give examples of, and describe common workplace hazards. (Note that additional training will be required beyond this course material.)
- Describe equipment isolation and lockout procedures.
Topic 7 Handling of Dangerous Materials
Learning Outcome
Describe the policies and procedures for safe storage and handling of dangerous goods and materials.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the WHMIS.
- Describe the Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) required in the WHMIS.
- Identify the labels required in the WHMIS.
- Describe the safe handling and use of gas cylinders in an energy plant (power plant).
- Discuss the safe handling of hydrocarbons.
Topic 8 Introduction to Electricity
Learning Outcome
Discuss the design and accessories of an electrical circuit; describe the design and troubleshooting of lighting systems and electric motors.
Learning Objectives
- Explain electricity, electric circuits, and voltage drop.
- Calculate current and power in an electric circuit, estimate the cost of electrical power for a facility, and describe how to read a power meter.
- Describe circuit accessories, including switches, fuses, breakers, and receptacles. Explain the danger of electric shock.
- Explain what constitutes a good lighting system. Explain maintenance of a lighting system and troubleshooting of incandescent and fluorescent systems.
- Describe simple electrical system problems, including short circuits, grounds, and bad connections. Describe static electricity.
- Describe transformers and electric motors. Explain motor types, bearing care, and troubleshooting of motors.
- Explain the CSA approval and markings for electrical appliances.
Topic 1 Watertube Boilers (Heating, Power, and Tubular)
Learning Outcome
Describe the various types of watertube boilers used in small industrial and heating systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the construction of watertube and copper‐tubular boilers.
- Describe the water circulation in a longitudinal drum straight tube boiler.
- Describe two‐drum bent tube boilers, and the advantages of a bent tube boiler compared to a straight tube boiler.
- Describe the construction of the “A” type, “D” type, and “O” type and the advantages of packaged watertube boilers.
Topic 2 Cast-Iron Sectional and Modular Boilers
Learning Outcome
Describe and explain the uses of cast‐iron boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the general construction of cast‐iron sectional boilers.
- List the advantages of cast‐iron sectional boilers over watertube and firetube boilers.
- Describe the arrangement of equipment in a multiple cast‐iron sectional boiler heating plant.
- Describe the construction and operation of cast‐iron modular boilers.
Topic 3 Firetube Boilers (Heating and Power)
Learning Outcome
Describe the various types of firetube boilers used in power and heating systems.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the difference between power and heating boilers.
- Describe the historical significance, the construction, and application of the early types of firetube boilers: the HRT, or horizontal return tubular, locomotive, and firebox boilers.
- Describe the construction and application of wetback and dryback Scotch boilers.
- Describe the construction and application of vertical firetube boilers and tubeless boilers used in heating plant service.
- Describe the construction of packaged firetube boilers.
Learning Outcome
Describe electric boilers with regard to their use and general design.
Learning Objectives
- Compare electric boilers to fuel‐fired boilers.
- Describe the construction and operating principle of electrode‐type electric boilers.
- Describe the construction and operating principle of immersion‐type electric boilers.
Topic 5 Basic Fittings for Steam Boilers
Learning Outcome
Name, identify, and explain the operating principles and the differences, if any, between the following low and high pressure boiler fittings: pressure gauges, gauge siphons, safety valves, gauge glasses and water columns, safety shutoff valves, quick opening valves, stop valves, check valves, and vent valves.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the construction, purpose, and operation of pressure gauges and gauge siphons (pigtails).
- Describe the testing of pressure gauges.
- Describe the construction, operation, installation, and testing of low‐pressure (safety relief) and high‐ pressure (safety or pop) valves.
- Describe the purpose, function, and testing of gauge glasses and water columns.
- Explain how to change a gauge glass.
- Describe the construction, operation, and purpose of the following valves: gauge glass safety shutoff valves, gauge glass quick closing valves, stop valves, check valves, blowoff (blowdown) valves, and vent valves.
Topic 6 Basic Fittings for Hot Water Boilers
Learning Outcome
Name, identify and explain the operating principles of the following hot water boiler fittings and equipment: pressure, altitude or combination gauges, thermometers, safety relief valves, temperature relief devices, stop valves or drain valves, backflow preventers, and expansion tanks.
Learning Objectives
- Identify the required instruments, fittings, and controls on a hot water boiler system.
- Explain how to change a gauge glass on an expansion tank.
- Describe the construction and operation of the “auto fill valve.”
- List the usual devices and fittings that are used in hot water heating boiler systems.
Topic 7 Low Water Fuel Cut-Offs and Feedwater Controls
Learning Outcome
Discuss the design, operation and testing of low‐water fuel cutoffs and describe feedwater control methods and devices used on low‐pressure boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the construction and operation of float and electrode low water level fuel cut‐off equipment.
- Describe the testing and maintenance of float and electrode low water level fuel cut‐offs.
- Describe the operation of a feedwater float switch operating a valve and a float switch operating a pump.
- Explain the purpose and function of heating boiler feedwater and condensate piping connections.
Topic 8 Heating Boiler Operating Controls
Learning Outcome
Name and describe the various operating controls found on low‐pressure boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operation of the on‐off control, the high‐low fire control, the modulating control, and the high limit control found on low‐pressure steam boilers and hot water heating boilers.
- Explain the operation of the common control switches found on a low‐pressure heating boiler.
- Describe the operation of the safety switches or interlocks found on the fuel supplies of low‐pressure heating boilers.
- Explain the required testing and maintenance of heating boiler controls.
Topic 9 Boiler Combustion Controls
Learning Outcome
Explain the design and operation of various combustion controls on heating boilers.
Learning Objectives
- List and discuss the various types of boiler flame failure detectors.
- Describe the testing of boiler flame failure safety devices.
Topic 10 Boiler Programming Controls
Learning Outcome
Describe the basic operation of boiler programming controls.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operation of equipment that is used to automatically start up and shut down boilers.
- List a typical sequence of startup and shutdown events.
- Describe common 5th Class Power Engineer responses to a boiler programmer startup or shutdown.
Topic 11 Basic Boiler Operation
Learning Outcome
Describe the preparation, start‐up and shutdown, abnormal conditions, and routine operational checks in the operation of steam and hot water boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the preparation required before starting a steam or hot water boiler.
- Explain the startup steps once the boiler has been prepared.
- State possible abnormal conditions during startup and the cautions required to avoid uneven expansion and thermal shock.
- Describe the procedure required when “cutting in” an additional boiler.
- Describe the operating conditions for hot water and steam boilers that must be checked daily, and state the required monthly checks.
- Explain the procedure for removing a hot water boiler from service.
- Describe the procedure for removing a steam boiler from service.
- Explain the emergency conditions that can occur during the operation of a steam boiler. Explain the causes and prevention of furnace and pressure explosions.
- Explain the reasons for boiler accidents, and describe the role and design of operating logs in the safe operation of a boiler.
- Operator traits, good operating practice, curiosity, using your senses, (sense‐interpret‐analyze‐perform = SIAP), trusting your instincts, experience and due diligence.
Topic 12 Routine Boiler Maintenance and Inspection
Learning Outcome
Describe the service and maintenance required for boilers. Discuss the procedure for preparing a boiler for inspection and cleaning, and describe mechanical boiler cleaning methods.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the general servicing and routine maintenance of packaged firetube and cast‐iron sectional boilers.
- Explain the importance of layups and state the procedures to be followed for wet and dry boiler layups.
- Describe the symptoms of a leaking firetube.
- List the steps and precautions to be taken to prepare a boiler for inspection.
- Describe the inspection of a boiler.
- Describe the methods and tools used for mechanical and chemical cleaning of a boiler.
- Discuss the standard procedure for a hydrostatic test and the reason for doing the test.
Topic 13 Combustion and Draft
Learning Outcome
Discuss the characteristics of common fuels used in heating boilers, conditions for complete and incomplete combustion, draft methods, and the application of flue gas analysis.
Learning Objectives
- Explain natural and mechanical draft arrangements.
- Describe draft measurement using U‐tube and inclined draft gauges.
- Describe the use, advantages, and characteristics of common boiler fuels.
- State the requirements and reactions for complete and incomplete combustion.
- Explain the difference between a pressure explosion and a furnace explosion.
Learning Outcome
Describe the operation of the various types of gas and oil burners used on boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operation of atmospheric and ring gas burners.
- Describe the construction and operation of automatic valves.
- Describe the principle of oil atomizing burners for boilers.
- List and describe the auxiliary equipment needed for an oil combustion system.
- Describe the overall components and operation of fuel oil systems.
Topic 15 Piping Materials and Connections
Learning Outcome
Discuss the various construction materials, size classification, and connection methods for the piping in a plant.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the characteristics and applications of the various materials used to manufacture piping and fittings.
- Explain pipe size, schedules, and classifications.
- Identify screwed, flanged, and welded pipe connections.
Topic 16 Piping Expansion, Support, and Insulation
Learning Outcome
Discuss piping expansion, support, and insulation.
Learning Objectives
- Explain pipe expansion and the principle of expansion bends and joints.
- Explain the purpose of pipe supports and describe various pipe support designs.
- Explain the purposes for pipe insulation and describe the use of the common insulation materials.
Learning Outcome
Explain the purpose of steam traps and describe the installation and operating principles of the various steam traps found on piping systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the designs and operating principles of mechanical traps.
- Describe the designs and operating principles of thermostatic steam traps.
- Describe the correct piping arrangement and procedures for a steam trap.
- Explain the purpose and design of a strainer.
- Explain the causes, effects, and prevention of water hammer.
Topic 18 Introduction to Valves
Learning Outcome
Discuss the design, application, and maintenance of common types of valves used in piping systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe five standard valve designs: gate, globe, butterfly, ball, and plug.
- Describe the design and operation of check and non‐return valves.
- Describe the function of a pressure‐reducing valve.
- Describe valve identification markings.
- Describe typical valve maintenance requirements.
Topic 1 Steam Heating Equipment
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principles of steam heating equipment and components.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the construction and operation of steam heating system devices used to transfer heat from the steam to a heated space.
- List and describe the auxiliary equipment used in a steam heating system, including air vents, radiator valves and traps, and condensate return equipment.
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principles and maintenance procedures of steam heating systems and the components of these systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe standard types of piping and equipment layout for steam heating systems.
- Describe the general operation and maintenance of steam heating systems.
- Apply a steam heating system troubleshooting guide.
Topic 3 Hot Water Heating Systems
Learning Outcome
Describe the various designs of hot water heating systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the standard piping and circulation layouts of hot water heating systems.
- Compare the advantages and disadvantages of hot water and steam heating systems.
- Describe radiant panel and snow melting hot water systems.
Topic 4 Hot Water Heating System Equipment and Operation
Learning Outcome
Describe accessories, operation and troubleshooting of a hot water heating system.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the purpose and function of standard hot water heating system components such as diverter fittings, air vents, air separators, flow control valves, balancing valves and fittings, riser stop valves, pressure reducing valves, circulating pumps, expansion tanks, and steam to hot water converters.
- Explain how the location of the hot water circulating pump and the expansion tank are determined.
- Describe the cleaning, filling, starting, routine operation, and troubleshooting of hot water heating systems.
- Apply a hot water heating system troubleshooting guide.
Topic 5 Warm Air Heating System Equipment
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principles of warm air heating sources.
Learning Objectives
- Compare the advantages and disadvantages of forced air and gravity warm air systems.
- List and describe the common sources of warm air heat.
- List and describe the operational characteristics of directly fired space heaters.
Topic 6 Warm Air Furnace Components and Maintenance
Learning Outcome
Describe the components and maintenance requirements of typical warm air heating and ventilating systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operation of furnace components.
- Describe and discuss the relative merits of three types of air distribution and duct systems.
- Describe the recommended maintenance procedures for warm air heating and ventilating systems.
- Apply a troubleshooting guide for forced warm air systems and components.
Topic 7 Ventilation and Air Filters
Learning Outcome
Describe the various ventilation systems found in buildings, as well as describe the various types of air filters used in these systems.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the difference between natural and mechanical ventilation.
- Describe the types of contaminants found in air.
- Describe the types of air cleaning devices used in buildings.
Topic 8 Electric Controls for Heating Systems
Learning Outcome
Describe and explain the function of the various components of an electric control circuit.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the various terms associated with electric control systems.
- Describe the basic construction and operation of electric thermostats, humidity controllers, and pressure controllers.
- Describe the function and operation of the controlled devices in electric control systems.
- Explain the operating sequence of a basic electric control circuit.
Topic 9 Refrigeration Theory
Learning Outcome
Explain the theory and terms associated with refrigeration.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the fundamentals of refrigeration.
- Describe the practical cycle of operations in a vapor compression refrigeration system.
- State how the capacity of a refrigeration system is described and how refrigeration tables are used to calculate system performance.
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principles of the different types of air compressors.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the main classifications and types of air compressors.
- Describe air compressor auxiliary equipment, including capacity control systems.
- Discuss preventive maintenance for reciprocating air compressors.
Steam Boiler Operator (1st Class)
Topic 1 Watertube Boiler Designs
Learning Outcome
Describe common designs, configurations and circulation patterns for modern bent‐tube watertube boilers and steam generators and explain how boilers are rated.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the difference between packaged, shop assembled, and field‐erected watertube boilers. Explain how boilers are rated.
- Explain the process of water circulation in a watertube boiler and the factors that influence circulation.
- Identify examples of and describe the A, O, and D design configurations and explain the water and gas circulation patterns for each. Define integral furnace.
- Define a steam‐generating unit, identify oil and gas‐fired units, and explain the components, heating surfaces, and flow patterns through a typical unit. State typical temperatures throughout the unit.
- Differentiate between critical and super‐critical boilers.
- Explain the purpose and advantage of forced circulation and describe the flow through a typical controlled circulation boiler.
- Explain the purpose and design of a once‐through boiler.
Topic 2 Special Boiler Designs
Learning Outcome
Describe the designs, components, firing methods, and operating considerations for some special boilers used in industry.
Learning Objectives
- Describe typical designs, components and operating strategies for once‐through, steam flood boilers.
- Describe typical designs, components and operating strategies for Fluidized Bed boilers.
- Describe typical designs, components and operating strategies for Heat Recovery Steam Generators.
- Describe typical designs, components and operating strategies for Black Liquor Recovery boilers used in pulp mills.
- Describe typical designs, components and operating strategies for Refuse boilers used in waste disposal.
- Describe typical designs, components and operating strategies for waste heat, biomass boilers.
Learning Outcome
Explain Code requirements, in general terms, and describe construction and assembly methods for the major components of a large boiler.
Learning Objectives
- Explain top and bottom support and describe the support techniques for various components of a large boiler, including lateral supports for furnace walls. Explain allowances for expansion.
- Explain the purpose, design, locations and installation methods for boiler casing insulation, refractory, and cladding.
- Describe the methods used to fabricate boiler tubes.
- Describe the preparation, fabrication, and testing of boiler drums.
- Describe methods of attaching tubes to drums and headers, including expanding and welding, and explain where each method would be used.
- Explain code requirements/sizes for, and describe the designs and installation of, manholes and handholes, including welded handholes. Explain procedures for removing and installing covers.
- Describe the field assembly of a large boiler or steam generating unit.
Topic 4 Boiler Heat Transfer Components
Learning Outcome
Explain the purpose, location, design and operating conditions for the major heat transfer components of a large watertube boiler or steam generator.
Learning Objectives
- Describe baffle designs and locations and explain their significance to boiler heat transfer.
- Describe the designs of integral furnace sidewall and header arrangements, including tube‐and‐tile, tangent tube, and membrane.
- Define primary, secondary, convection, radiation, platen, and pendant as they apply to superheaters. Describe the locations of superheaters within a steam generator and state the operating characteristics of convection and radiant superheaters.
- Explain the purpose and design of a separately‐fired superheater.
- Explain the purpose and describe the locations of reheaters. Explain the position of and flow through the reheater in relation to the superheaters.
- Describe designs and locations for integral and separate economizers.
- Describe the designs, operation, and location of plate, tubular, and rotary regenerative air heaters.
- Explain operating care and considerations that must be given to the various heat transfer sections of the boiler.
- Explain a typical water and gas temperature profile through a large steam generating unit.
Topic 5 High Pressure Boiler Fittings
Learning Outcome
Describe the design and operation of common external and internal fittings attached to the pressure side of a high‐ pressure boiler.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the design, installation, operation, and setting of a high‐pressure pressure relief valve. Explain the Code requirements for size, capacity and locations of the pressure relief valves on a boiler.
- Describe the code requirements for boiler pressure gages, including attachment and locations.
- Describe common designs, connections and components of high‐pressure water columns and flat gage glasses, including illumination and quick shut‐off devices and bulls‐eye glasses. Explain testing and maintenance of a high‐pressure gage glass.
- Describe the float and probe designs for low‐water fuel cutoffs and explain how these are tested.
- Describe boiler steam outlet arrangements and fittings including gate, angle, and globe stop valves and globe, Y, angle, and spring‐cushioned non‐return valves.
- Describe manual blowoff piping arrangements. Describe the design and operation of sliding disc, seatless sliding plunger, seat and disc, and combination valves. Explain manual blowoff procedures. Describe the requirements for a blowoff tank.
- Explain the components of the steam drum internals of a watertube boiler. Describe the design and operation of various steam separation devices, including baffles, primary and secondary separators, and scrubbers.
Topic 6 Boiler Draft and Flue Gas Equipment
Learning Outcome
Explain boiler draft systems and fans and describe the equipment used to remove ash from flue gas.
Learning Objectives
- Define and explain the applications and designs of natural, forced, induced and balanced draft.
- Explain how draft is measured, monitored, and controlled in a large, balanced draft boiler. Explain the position of control dampers.
- Describe typical draft fan designs, single and double inlet arrangements, and explain methods used to control fan output.
- Explain the start‐up and running checks that must be made on draft fans.
- Describe typical windbox and air louver arrangements and distinguish between primary and secondary air.
- Describe the design and operation of flue gas particulate clean‐up equipment, including mechanical and electrostatic precipitators and baghouse filters.
- Describe the design and operation of ash handling systems, including hydro and air systems, bottom ash systems, and scraper conveyor systems.
- Describe the designs and operation of SO2 recovery systems, including lime and wet gas scrubbing.
Topic 7 Fuels, Combustion, and Flue Gas Analysis
Learning Outcome
Explain the properties and combustion of common fuels and the analysis of combustion flue gas.
Learning Objectives
- Explain/define complete combustion, incomplete combustion, combustion products, and write balanced combustion equations.
- Explain the purpose and benefits of excess air and calculate the theoretical and excess air required for the complete combustion of a given fuel.
- Explain proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, and heating value of a fuel and describe the use of calorimetry to determine heating value. Explain higher and lower heating values.
- Given the ultimate analysis of a fuel, use Dulong’s Formula to calculate the heating value of the fuel.
- Describe the properties, classifications and combustion characteristics of coal.
- Describe the properties, classifications and combustion characteristics of fuel oil.
- Describe the properties and combustion characteristics of natural gas.
- Explain the use and combustion characteristics of alternatives to traditional fossil fuels, including biomass, coke and oil emulsions.
- Explain the analysis of flue gas for the measurement of O2, CO, and CO2 in relation to combustion efficiency. Describe typical, automatic flue gas analyzers.
- Explain the formation, monitoring and control of nitrogen oxides (NOX), sulfur dioxide, and particulates.
Topic 8 Control Loops and Strategies
Learning Outcome
Explain the operation and components of pneumatic, electronic and digital control loops, and discuss control modes and strategies.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operation, components and terminologies for a typical control loop.
- Describe the operation and components of a purely pneumatic control loop. Explain the function of each component.
- Describe the operation and components of an analog/electronic control loop. Explain the function of each component.
- Describe the operation and components of a digital control loop. Explain the function of each component.
- Explain the purpose, operation, and give examples of on‐off, proportional, proportional‐plus‐reset, and proportional‐plus‐reset‐plus‐derivative control. Define proportional band and gain.
- Describe and give typical examples of feed forward, feed back, cascade, ratio, split‐range, and select control.
- Explain, with examples, the purpose and incorporation of alarms and shutdowns into a control loop/ system.
- Explain the interactions that occur and the interfaces that exist between an operator and the various components of a control loop/system, including the components of a controller interface.
Topic 9 Instrument and Control Devices
Learning Outcome
Explain the operating principles of various instrument devices that are used to measure and control process conditions.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the design, operation and applications for the following temperature devices: bimetallic thermometer, filled thermal element, thermocouple, RTD, thermistor, radiation and optical pyrometers
- Describe the design, operation and applications for the following pressure devices: bourdon tubes, bellows, capsules, diaphragms, and absolute pressure gage.
- Describe the design, operation and applications for the following flow devices: orifice plate, venturi tube, flow nozzle, square root extractor, pitot tube, elbow taps, target meter, variable area, nutating disc, rotary meter and magnetic flowmeter.
- Describe the design, operation and applications for the following level devices: atmospheric and pressure bubblers, diaphragm box, differential pressure transmitter, capacitance probe, conductance probes, radiation and ultrasonic detectors and load cells.
Topic 10 Distributed and Logic Control
Learning Outcome
Explain the general purpose, design, components and operation of distributed and programmable logic control systems.
Learning Objectives
- Explain distributed control and describe the layout and functioning of a typical distributed control system. Explain the function of each major component of the system.
- Identify and explain the functions of the major components of the operator interface unit (OIU), including controller interfaces, displays, alarms and shutdown.
- State typical applications and explain the purpose and functioning of a programmable logic controller, including the operator interfaces. Explain a ladder logic diagram.
- State the purpose and explain the general functioning of a communication and data acquisition system (eg. SCADA) as it relates to process control.
Topic 11 Boiler Control Systems
Learning Outcome
Explain the components and operation of automatic control systems for boiler water level, combustion, steam temperature, and start‐up.
Learning Objectives
- Describe on‐off and single element control of boiler feedwater.
- Explain swell and shrinkage in a boiler. Describe the components and operation of a two‐element feedwater control system, explaining the interaction of the controllers.
- Describe the components and operation of a three‐element feedwater control system.
- Describe the components and operation of a direct combustion control system.
- Describe the components and operation of a ‘steam flow – airflow’ combustion control system.
- Describe the components and operation of a ‘fuel flow – airflow’ combustion control system.
- Describe the components and operation of an ‘airflow – fuel flow’ combustion control system.
- Describe the components and operation of a multi‐element combustion control system.
- Describe steam temperature control methods and equipment, including attemperation (desuperheating), gas recirculation, gas bypass, and tilting burners.
- Describe the automatic, programmed start‐up sequence for a gas‐fired boiler.
Learning Outcome
Describe common procedures in the operation and maintenance of high pressure boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the steps involved in the commissioning of a new boiler or before starting a boiler after major repairs, including:
- hydrostatic test
- external and internal inspections
- drying out refractory
- boiling out
- testing shutdowns and safety devices
- Describe the wet and dry methods when laying up a boiler for an extended time, including nitrogen blanketing.
- Describe the proper shut down and preparation of a boiler for internal inspection.
- Describe a thorough inspection of the water and furnace sides of a boiler.
- Describe typical equipment and procedures for cleaning the water side of a boiler:
-
mechanically
-
chemically
-
- Explain routine tasks and visual monitoring that the operator must perform on a large operating boiler.
- Explain the procedures and precautions that an operator must exercise to avoid furnace and pressure‐ side explosions.
- Describe sootblowing systems and describe the procedures for operating sootblowers.
Topic 13 Internal Water Treatment for Boilers
Learning Outcome
Discuss internal water treatment methods and systems for the control of scale, corrosion, and carryover and explain testing and monitoring strategies.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the causes and effects of boiler scale; explain the most common internal methods of scale control, including phosphate treatment, chelate treatment, sludge conditioning and dispersion.
- Explain the causes and effects of boiler and condensate return line corrosion; explain treatment methods for acidic, caustic, oxygen, and carbon dioxide corrosion, including sulphite, hydrazine, and amine treatment.
- Explain the mechanical and chemical causes, effects and types of carryover; explain methods of carryover control, including the use of antifoam and blowdown.
- Describe the design and explain the operation of simple blowdown, heat recovery, and automatic blowdown systems.
- Explain, in general terms, the sampling and testing strategies for boiler internal conditions; describe typical sampling and automatic monitoring equipment.
- Describe typical chemical feed systems, including pot feeders, continuous feed with day tanks, and continuous feed with pump tanks.
Topic 14 Boiler Water Pretreatment
Learning Outcome
Explain the purpose, principles, equipment, and monitoring of boiler water pretreatment processes.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the design and explain the terms, purpose and operation of a clarifier, using coagulation, flocculation, and subsidence.
- Describe the design and explain the terms, purpose and operation of gravity and pressure filters.
- Describe the design and explain the terms, purpose and operation, including chemical reactions for a cold lime softener.
- Describe the design and explain the terms, purpose and operation of a hot lime softener.
- Explain the principles of ion exchange softening in general, identifying the common anions and cations in untreated water.
- Describe the design, components, and operation of a sodium zeolite softening system including chemical reactions.
- Describe the design, components, and operation of a hydrogen zeolite softening system including chemical reactions.
- Describe the design, components, and operation of a dealkalization system including chemical reactions.
- Explain the principle and operation of a reverse osmosis system.
- Describe the design, principle, and operation controls of a typical deaerator.
Topic 15 Welding Procedures and Inspection
Learning Outcome
Explain the processes and applications of different welding techniques and describe the testing of welds and procedures.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the equipment, procedure and applications of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). Explain the classification of arc welding electrodes.
- Describe the equipment, procedure and applications of submerged arc welding (SAW).
- Describe the equipment, procedure and applications of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW).
- Describe the equipment, procedure and applications of gas metal arc welding (GMAW).
- Explain weld preparation and terminology of a butt weld; explain preheating and post‐weld heat treatment.
- Describe common defects in welds, including undercut, lack of penetration, porosity, slag inclusion, and cracking; explain how each occurs and its effect on the integrity of the weld.
- Explain the equipment and procedures for dye penetrant, magnetic particle, radiographic, and ultrasonic inspection of a weld; explain the potential weld defects revealed by each test.
- Explain the requirements and process for Weld Procedure and Welder Performance qualification, per the ASME Code, Section IX.
Learning Outcome
Explain pressure vessel design, stresses, and operating considerations.
Learning Objectives
- Define “pressure vessel” and explain, in general terms, how pressure vessels are regulated in design, construction and repair (including purpose of Section VIII, ASME).
- Explain the stamping/nameplate requirements for pressure vessels and identify terms and specifications on a typical nameplate.
- Describe the weld locations on a typical pressure vessel and identify head designs, including ellipsoidal, torispherical, hemispherical, conical, and toriconical.
- Describe acceptable nozzle attachment methods, including reinforcements; describe inspection openings.
- Explain the loads that contribute to stresses in pressure vessels, including pressure, thermal, attachments, static, wind, seismic, and cyclic loads.
- Explain the components and fittings of a typical pressure vessel.
- Explain operating and maintenance considerations for the safe operation of pressure vessels, including the appropriate use of hydrostatic and pneumatic testing.
Steam Boiler Operator (2nd Class)
Topic 1 The Cost and Effects of Workplace Injuries
Learning Outcome
Describe the cost and effects of workplace injuries on the individual worker and the business.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the financial cost of injuries and the impact an injury has on the injured person.
- Discuss the social and legal implications of injuries.
- List the steps that can be taken by management to minimize the effects of workplace injuries.
Topic 2 Personal Protective Equipment
Learning Outcome
Describe the use, selection and care of personal protective equipment.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the basic types of personal protective equipment available.
- Describe the various types and the training, care and maintenance of respiratory protection.
Topic 3 Isolation of Mechanical and Electrical Equipment
Learning Outcome
Describe the general procedures involved in the isolation of plant equipment.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the general considerations required for the mechanical and electrical isolation of equipment.
- Describe the typical safe isolation of various pieces of plant equipment.
Learning Outcome
Describe procedures needed to enter into and work safely within confined spaces.
Learning Objectives
- Define and describe the hazards of being in a confined space.
- Describe procedures to be used when performing a confined space entry, including completion of an entry checklist.
Topic 5 Introduction to Boilers
Learning Outcome
By using common terms relating to boilers discuss the historical developments of, and the general requirements for proper boiler design.
Learning Objectives
- Apply common terminology used in the description of boilers.
- Describe early boiler designs and explain developments that improved boiler operation.
- List the general requirements for proper boiler design.
Learning Outcome
Discuss the design, components and characteristics of HRT, locomotive, firebox, Scotch and packaged firetube boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe horizontal return tubular and locomotive type boilers.
- Describe firebox, scotch and heating boilers.
- Describe vertical and packaged firetube boilers.
Learning Outcome
Describe various watertube boiler designs, including large generating units.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operating principle and design of watertube boilers.
- Explain the design and application of packaged watertube boilers.
- Describe the design, construction and components of large scale steam generating units.
- Describe the design of watertube and copper‐tubular heating boilers.
Learning Outcome
Describe electric boilers in regard to their use and general design.
Learning Objectives
-
Describe the construction and operating principle of electric boilers.
Topic 9 Basic Boiler Construction
Learning Outcome
Describe fabrication and general construction features of watertube and firetube boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the design and manufacturing of boiler shells and drums.
- Describe the standard types of welded joints, heat treatments and welding inspection used in the construction of pressure vessels.
- Describe the general design of riveted joints.
- Describe the tools and standard methods used to attach boiler tubes to tubesheets, headers and drums.
- Describe the need for, and application of, boiler stays.
- Describe boiler access and inspection openings and drum connections.
- Identify the different types of internal firetube furnace designs.
- Describe boiler foundations and supports.
- Describe the design and construction of water‐cooled furnace walls in watertube boilers.
Topic 10 Boiler Draf t Equipment
Learning Outcome
Discuss draft and describe the basic equipment used to supply combustion air to a boiler furnace.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the forced, induced and balanced methods of mechanical draft.
- Discuss the common methods of controlling combustion air flow.
- Discuss the common methods of measuring furnace pressures.
Topic 11 Introduction to Boiler Combustion
Learning Outcome
Discuss the basic theory of combustion in a boiler, and the equipment used to provide proper combustion conditions.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the principles of combustion, combustion equations and the relationships between theoretical and excess air.
- Describe the three general classes of boiler fuels.
- Describe the firing methods used in the combustion of various fuels, the effects of combustion on refractory and how the flow of fuel is controlled.
- Describe flue gas analysis and its relationship to boiler efficiency.
Topic 12 Fluidized Bed Combustion
Learning Outcome
Discuss the basic theory and design of a fluidized bed steam generator and describe the special operational and control aspects of fluidized bed combustion.
Learning Objectives
- Define and discuss the history and benefits of “fluidized bed combustion”.
- Explain the types and operation of fluidized bed combustion units.
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of fluidized bed combustion.
- Discuss two start‐up strategies and explain bed expansion.
Topic 13 Safety and Relief Valves
Learning Outcome
Discuss the design and operation of safety valves for power and heating boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the ASME code requirements and the construction and operation of high pressure safety valves.
- Describe the ASME code requirements for the construction and operation of low pressure heating boiler safety valves.
- Describe the testing and repair of safety valves.
- Describe the construction and operation of a temperature relief device.
Topic 14 Water Columns and Gage Glasses
Learning Outcome
Describe different types of direct and inferential level gages or indicators.
Learning Objectives
- Describe direct type water level indicators.
- Describe indirect type water level indicators.
Learning Outcome
Describe typical internal components of a boiler steam drum.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the purposes of and the general principles and equipment used to separate steam and water in a steam drum.
- Describe steam drum internal feedwater, continuous blowdown and chemical feed pipes.
Learning Outcome
Discuss the design and operation of sootblowers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the construction and operation of retractable and stationary sootblowers.
- Describe an arrangement for shot cleaning.
Topic 17 Continuous and Intermittent Blowdown
Learning Outcome
Describe the purposes, equipment and operation of continuous and intermittent blowdown.
Learning Objectives
-
Describe the equipment and processes involved in continuous and intermittent blowdown systems.
Topic 18 Boiler Preparation, Start-up and Shutdown
Learning Outcome
Describe the basic preparation of a boiler for start‐up and shutdown procedures.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the steps that must be taken to prepare a boiler for start‐up.
- Describe a typical boiler start‐up procedure.
- Describe the boiler and steam header warm‐up procedures.
- Describe the procedure for shutting down a boiler.
Topic 19 Routine and Emergency Boiler Operation
Learning Outcome
Discuss routine and emergency practices for operation of a packaged boiler.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the proper routine care and operation of a boiler.
- Describe emergency conditions in boilers and the required responses.
- List types and causes of boiler accidents and explosions.
- Discuss the need for boiler operating and maintenance logs and the type of information that should be recorded.
Learning Outcome
Describe the concepts of basic electricity and perform simple calculations using voltage, current, resistance and power.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the atomic structure of matter and its relationship to electricity.
- Describe basic electrical circuits.
- State Ohm’s Law and apply it to single resistor circuits.
- Apply Ohm’s Law to series resistance circuits.
- Apply Ohm’s Law to parallel resistance circuits.
- List the factors affecting resistance.
- Calculate the power developed in an electrical circuit.
Topic 21 Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Learning Outcome
Describe the basic principles of magnetism.
Learning Objectives
- Describe magnetism and the relationship between magnetism and electricity.
- Describe the relationship between electricity and magnetism in an electrical generator.
- Describe the relationship between electricity and magnetism in an electric motor.
Topic 22 Electrical Metering Devices
Learning Outcome
Discuss the designs and uses of electrical metering devices.
Learning Objectives
- Describe how voltage, current and resistance are measured in an electric circuit.
- Describe the construction and operation of a kilowatt hour meter.
Topic 23 Motors and Generators
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principles of the various types of AC and DC motors or generators.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the construction and operation of DC generators and motors.
- Describe the construction and operation of AC generators (alternators) and motors.
- Interpret the information on a motor nameplate.
- Discuss and perform basic calculations relating to power factor and power factor correction.
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principle of transformers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the principle of operation of transformers.
- Describe the construction and operation of single phase transformers and perform basic transformer calculations.
- Describe the construction and operation of three‐phase transformers.
- Discuss transformer maintenance and cooling.
Topic 25 Electrical Distribution Circuits
Learning Outcome
Describe an electrical distribution system.
Learning Objectives
- List and describe the standard types of electrical voltage systems.
- Interpret electrical circuit symbols as used in building systems.
- Describe the major components of an electrical distribution system.
- Describe the function and operation of alternate power supply system equipment.
Describe the overall purpose and function of plant instrumentation systems.
Learning Objectiv1e.s Describe the concept and basic components of a control loop.
-
Describe the various means by which control signals are transmitted.
- Describe the function of transducers.
- List and describe the types of instrumentation which are not necessarily part of a control loop.
Topic 27 Introduction to Process Measurement
Learning Outcome
Describe the construction and operation of common devices used to measure pressure, level, temperature, flow, and composition.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the standard types of pressure measuring devices.
- Describe the standard types of level sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the standard types of flow sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the standard types of temperature sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the principle and basic operation of a chromatograph.
Topic 28 Basic Control Loop Components
Learning Outcome
Describe the basic types and functions of transmitters, recorders, controllers and control valves.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the principle, construction and operation of instrumentation transmitters.
- Describe the principle, construction and operation of instrumentation indicators and recorders.
- Describe the principle, construction and operation of instrumentation controllers and control valves.
Topic 29 Boiler Water Level and Combustion Controls
Learning Outcome
Describe specific types of instrumentation and controls used on boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the construction and operation of boiler low water level fuel cutoff equipment.
- List the ASME code regulations regarding low water fuel cutoffs.
- Describe the testing and maintenance of boiler low water level fuel cutoffs.
- Describe the components and component functions of boiler water level control systems.
- Describe basic boiler combustion control systems.
Topic 30 Boiler Programming Controls
Learning Outcome
Describe the operation of programming controls for boilers and discuss testing and maintenance procedures for these controls.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operation of equipment that is used to automatically start up and shut down boilers.
- Interpret operating sequence bar graphs and provide a typical sequence of start up and shutdown events.
- Apply a boiler start up and shutdown programmer troubleshooting guide.
Topic 31 Introduction to Process Computer Applications
Learning Outcome
Describe the major components of process computers, their basic functions and the types of tasks performed by the computer systems.
Learning Objectives
- Define the types of computer systems, components and peripherals used in process control.
- Describe basic computer working principles.
- Describe the application of computers to process control.
Topic 32 Cast Iron Sectional and Modular Boilers
Learning Outcome
Describe cast iron boilers and explain their uses.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the general construction and the advantages of cast‐iron sectional heating boilers over watertube and firetube boilers.
- Describe the arrangement of equipment in a multiple, cast‐iron sectional boiler heating plant.
- Describe the construction and operation of cast‐iron modular heating boilers.
Topic 33 Oil Burners for Heating Boilers
Learning Outcome
Describe the various oil burners used on heating boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe air, steam and mechanical oil atomizing burners for boilers.
- Describe the auxiliary equipment needed for an oil combustion system.
- Describe the design and operation of fuel oil systems, including storage.
Topic 34 Gas Burners for Heating Boilers
Learning Outcome
Describe the operation of the various types of gas burners used on heating boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operation of various types of gas burners.
- Describe the construction and operation of automatic gas valves.
Topic 35 Basic Fittings for Low Pressure Steam Boilers
Learning Outcome
Describe, and explain the operating principles of pressure gages and safety valves found on low‐pressure steam boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the code requirements for pressure gages on low‐pressure steam boilers.
- Describe the code requirements for the boiler connections and valves on low‐pressure steam boilers.
Topic 36 Basic Fittings for Hot Water Boilers
Learning Outcome
Describe the purpose and operating principles of basic boiler fittings on hot water boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the code requirements for the required fittings on hot water heating boilers.
- Discuss the types of non‐required fittings that are used on hot water heating boilers.
Topic 37 Hot Water and Steam Heating Boiler Operation
Learning Outcome
Describe the specific safe and efficient operational procedures that relate to automatically‐fired, low‐pressure hot water and steam heating boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the general preparation and start‐up of a hot water heating boiler.
- Describe the operation of a hot water heating boiler under routine conditions, including removal from service.
- Describe the preparation, start‐up, routine operation and removal from service of a steam heating boiler.
Topic 38 Heating Boiler Feedwater Controls
Learning Outcome
Describe the various feedwater control methods and devices used on low‐pressure steam boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operation of a feedwater float switch operating a valve and a pump.
- Describe how condensate is collected and returned to the boiler.
- Explain the purpose and function of heating boiler feedwater and condensate piping connections.
Topic 39 Heating Boiler Operating Controls
Learning Outcome
Name and describe the various operating controls found on low‐pressure heating boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the various operating controls for low‐pressure steam and hot water heating boilers.
- Describe the operation of the control and safety switches found on the fuel supplies of low‐pressure heating boilers.
- Explain the required testing and maintenance of boiler controls.
Topic 40 Heating Boiler Combustion Controls
Learning Outcome
Explain the design and operation of various combustion controls on heating boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the construction and operation of heating boiler flame failure detectors.
- Describe the testing of hot water heating boiler flame failure safety devices.
Topic 41 Powerhouse Maintenance I
Learning Outcome
Describe the safe use of common hand tools in the powerhouse.
Learning Objectives
- List the general safe working practices identified by the Workers’ Compensation Board.
- Describe the types and proper use of hacksaws, files, chisels, hammers, screwdrivers and wrenches.
- Describe the types and proper use of hand threading tools.
- Describe the types and proper use of measuring tools.
- Describe the proper layout of work and the use of layout tools.
- Describe the types and proper use of portable and fixed grinders, hand drills, drill presses and the care of drill bits.
Topic 42 Powerhouse Maintenance II
Learning Outcome
Discuss and describe the safe and proper setup of equipment for hoisting and working above ground.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the requirements for setting up work platforms in general and ladders and scaffolding in particular.
- Describe the general safety precautions and calculations used when rigging equipment.
- Describe the general safety precautions used when hoisting equipment.
Topic 43 Powerhouse Maintenance III
Learning Outcome
Discuss the designs and safe applications and attachment of lifting cables and ropes, and the designs and uses of metal fasteners.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the correct use and limitations of wire cable and rope, including cable attachments and rope knots.
- List and describe common types of metal fasteners, such as screws, bolts, studs, nuts and washers.
Learning Outcome
Describe the service and maintenance required for boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the general maintenance and servicing of packaged firetube and cast‐iron sectional boilers.
- State the procedures to be followed for wet and dry boiler lay‐ups.
- Describe the causes and symptoms of a leaking firetube and the procedure for removing a firetube fromservice.
- Describe two methods of detecting cracks in firetube ends and tube sheets.
- Describe the general procedure for the removal and replacement of a defective firetube.
Learning Outcome
Discuss the procedure for preparing a boiler for inspection and cleaning, and describe mechanical and chemical boilercleaning methods.
Learning Objectives
- List the steps and precautions to be taken to prepare a boiler for inspection.
- Describe the internal inspection of a boiler.
- Describe the methods and tools used for mechanical cleaning of a boiler.
- Describe two methods used for the chemical cleaning of a boiler.
- Details
This Curriculum is intended to assist candidates studying for the NIULPE Facility Operator Certification Series
Recommended Study Program:
It is recommended that, before undertaking this examination, the candidate completes Power Engineering Course of study, offered through a recognized and approved technical institute or training provider which addresses the Syllabus ‐ Curriculum Outline.
Topic 1 Numerical Unit Systems
Learning Outcome
Perform simple calculations involving SI units.
Learning Objectives
- Describe basic SI and USCS units, matching associated symbols for unit prefixes.
- Perform conversions both within and between SI and USCS units.
Topic 2 Basic Arithmetic Operations
Learning Outcome
Perform basic arithmetic operations without the use of a calculator.
Learning Objectives
- Add and subtract integers.
- Multiply and divide whole and decimal numbers.
- Perform arithmetic operations involving combinations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and powers in the proper order of operation.
Topic 3 Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages
Learning Outcome
Perform basic arithmetic operations involving fractions, decimals, and percentages.
Learning Objectives
- Identify proper and improper fractions and mixed numbers.
- Add, subtract, and multiply fractions, and reduce them to lowest terms.
- Convert fractions to decimal numbers and decimal numbers to fractions.
- Analyze percentage problems.
Learning Outcome
Describe the concepts of ratio and proportion.
Learning Objectives
- Convert ratios of one quantity to another quantity.
- Solve word problems involving ratios and proportions.
Topic 5 Equations and Transposition
Learning Outcome
Transpose equations in order to find values for different variables in a formula.
Learning Objectives
- Solve equations and word problems.
Topic 6 Length, Lines, and Simple Plane Figures
Learning Outcome
Describe measurement of length, types of lines and angles, and calculate perimeters and areas of simple plane figures.
Learning Objectives
- Describe linear measurement systems and convert measurement units from one system to another.
- Define parallel and perpendicular lines and types of angles.
- Describe types of simple plane figures, including triangles and quadrilaterals.
- Describe the components of a circle, circumference, area, and diameter.
Topic 7 Length, Lines, and Simple Plane Figures
Learning Outcome
Calculate the volumes of rectangular objects, cylinders, and spheres and the surface areas of cylinders and spheres.
Learning Objectives
- Convert between commonly used volume units.
- Calculate the volume of a rectangular prism.
- Calculate the surface area and volume of a cylinder.
- Calculate the surface area and volume of a sphere.
Topic 1 Introduction to Matter and Chemistry
Learning Outcome
Identify basic types of matter, their properties, and the associated chemical principles.
Learning Objectives
- Differentiate among the physical states of matter.
- Differentiate between chemical and physical changes in matter.
- Classify matter as either a type of mixture or a pure substance.
- Describe the purpose and uses of the periodic table using the parts of an atom.
- Describe the three main ways atoms bond together: covalent, ionic, and metallic bonding.
- Discuss chemical equations and their purpose.
- Perform simple stoichiometric calculations.
- Demonstrate how unstable compounds are combined to make stable compounds.
Topic 2 Introduction to Thermodynamics
Learning Outcome
Explain the principles and laws of thermodynamics.
Learning Objectives
- Define the first two laws of thermodynamics.
- Define heat and specific heat, and perform sensible heat calculations.
- Describe the expansion of solids and liquids.
Topic 3 Introduction to Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers
Learning Outcome
Explain the modes of heat transfer and the theory of heat exchanger operation.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the three modes of heat transfer with reference to heat exchangers.
- Discuss the general design and construction of typical heat exchangers.
- Describe heat transfer fluids and how they affect the operation of a heat exchanger, including fouling, leakage, and vapor locking.
- Describe heat exchanger inspection, maintenance, and operation, including placing them in service and removing them from service.
Topic 4 Thermodynamics of Steam
Learning Outcome
Apply the thermodynamics principles through practical applications using the steam tables and the temperature‐enthalpy chart.
Learning Objectives
- Describe heat as it relates to steam, water, and ice.
- Explain the various columns of the steam tables.
- Explain the thermodynamic principles of steam, using the steam tables.
Topic 1 Introduction to Power Engineering
Learning Outcome
Describe the Power Engineer profession.
Learning Objectives
- Describe steam, its uses and the basic steam cycle.
- Describe the role and duties of a Power Engineer.
- Describe how shift work affects sleep patterns, diet, and overall health.
Topic 2 Jurisdictional Legislation for Power Engineers
Learning Outcome
Describe the application of Jurisdictional Acts and Regulations with respect to boilers and pressure vessels.
Learning Objectives
- Describe how the Power Engineering profession is regulated in Canada.
- Explain the purpose and scope of your Jurisdictional Act and Regulations pertaining to Power Engineering and Pressure Equipment.
- Explain the purpose and intent of the Regulations governing Power Engineers and Pressure Welders.
Topic 3 Codes and Standards for Power Engineers and Pressure Vessels
Learning Outcome
Describe the purpose of boiler and pressure vessel Codes and Standards.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the history of how codes and standards became necessary in the pressure equipment field.
- Explain the content and use of the CSA B51 Boiler, Pressure Vessel, and Pressure Piping Code.
- Explain the content and use of the CSA B52 Mechanical Refrigeration Code.
- Explain the content and use of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (ASME BPVC) Section I Power Boilers.
- Explain the content and use of ASME BPVC Section VII ‐ Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers.
- Explain the content and use of ASME BPVC Section IV ‐ Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers.
- Explain the content and use of ASME BPVC Section VI ‐ Recommended Rules for Care and Operation of Heating Boilers.
- Explain the purpose, intent, and limitation of ASME CSD‐1 (Controls and Safety Devices) Standard.
Topic 1 Introduction to Plant Safety
Learning Outcome
Describe general plant safety as it related to Power Engineers.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the cost and effects of workplace accidents.
- Describe the basic hazards that may be in an energy plant, and the basic Personal Protective Equipment that may be required.
- Define, give examples of, and describe common power house hazards.
- Describe Industrial health and safety management system.
- Describe Hazard Assessment and Control programs.
Learning Outcome
Describe common safety programs generally applied in plants.
Learning Objectives
- Describe common occupational health and safety (OH&S) programs found in most plants.
- Describe industrial safety programs in which Power Engineers may require additional training.
- Discuss safe work permits.
- Describe methods of equipment isolation and lock out.
Topic 3 Handling of Dangerous Materials
Learning Outcome
Describe the policies and procedures for safe storage and handling of dangerous materials.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the WHMIS system.
- Discuss the essential components required in the WHMIS systems.
- Describe the safe handling and use of gas cylinders in an energy plant (power plant).
- Discuss the safe handling of Hydrocarbons.
Learning Outcome
Explain fire safety in an industrial plant.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the theory, terminology, and the life safety issues associated with fires.
- Explain the five classes of fires, and describe the types of fire extinguishing media and how they act on these fires.
- Explain fire prevention.
- Discuss fire prevention methods for the five types of fires.
Topic 5 Fire Extinguishing Methods and Equipment
Learning Outcome
Describe typical fire extinguishing equipment and its operation in plant environments.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the construction and operation of various types of portable fire extinguishers.
- Discuss the inspection and maintenance requirements of portable fire extinguishers.
- Describe the types, layout, and operation of standpipe and sprinkler systems.
- Discuss the maintenance requirements of standpipe and sprinkler system components.
- Describe the purpose, operation, and maintenance of fire pumps.
Topic 1 Introduction to the Environment
Learning Outcome
Identify environmental considerations and how they relate to an operating plant.
Learning Objectives
- Describe four important Biogeochemical Cycles that operate within the environment.
- Describe typical interdependencies seen among elements within an “ecosystem.”
- List the types of impacts that operating facilities can have on the environment.
- Describe the alert processes related to environmental problems of plants.
- Explain the importance of “attitude” in limiting environmental impacts of plants.
- Describe the long‐term environmental impacts after the decommissioning and abandonment of plants.
Topic 2 Gas and Noise Emissions
Learning Outcome
Explain how gas and noise emissions affect plant operations.
Learning Objectives
-
Identify the sources and effects of common gases and vapours that have an adverse environmental impact.
- Identify the common greenhouse and acid rain causing gases and describe their effects.
- Describe the common methods for monitoring and reducing gaseous pollutants.
- Describe the effects of noise pollution and methods of identifying, measuring, and controlling it.
Topic 3 Liquid and Solid Emissions
Learning Outcome
Explain how liquid and solid emissions affect plant operation.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the sources and effects of solid pollutants from energy plants.
- Describe the theory of operation of separators/collectors and monitoring of flue gas particulates.
- Describe the disposal methods of solid waste from energy plants.
- List sources and effects of liquid and thermal pollution.
- Describe the preventive measures that can be taken to prevent liquid and thermal pollution.
- Describe methods of liquid waste disposal.
Topic 1 Energy Plant Construction and Operation Materials
Learning Outcome
Describe the mechanical properties of engineering materials used in engineering.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the mechanical properties of materials.
- Describe the various types of ferrous materials.
- Describe the various types of non‐ferrous materials.
Topic 2 Introduction to Welding
Learning Outcome
Describe welding processes relevant to the plant and Power Engineering.
Learning Objectives
- Describe non‐fusion welding process, equipment used, and methods.
- Describe forge and oxy‐fuel fusion welding processes and cutting processes.
- Describe metal arc welding processes.
- Describe heat treatment of welds.
- Describe the types of weld joints used in pressure vessel construction.
- Describe the additional construction components required for pressure vessels to ensure structural integrity and “access”.
Topic 3 Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspection
Learning Outcome
Describe inspection processes and testing methods for welds and materials.
Learning Objectives
- Describe common weld defects.
- Describe the process of Visual Testing of welds.
- Describe the process of Penetrant Testing for detecting weld or material defects.
- Describe the process of radiographic weld testing.
- Describe the process of ultrasonic weld testing.
Discuss the basic types of piping, piping connections, supports, and drainage devices used in industry.
Learning Objectives
- State the applications for the most common materials and identify the sizes of commercial pipe.
- Describe methods of connection for screwed, flanged, and welded pipe; identify fittings and their markings.
- Describe methods and devices used to allow for pipe expansion and support.
- Explain the methods used to promote good drainage of steam pipes, including the installation and maintenance of steam traps, to reduce the effects of water hammer.
- Explain the requirements, materials, and methods for insulating pipe.
Topic 2 Introduction to Energy Plant Valves
Learning Outcome
Discuss the design and uses of the valve designs most commonly used in industry and on boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe standard valve designs.
- Describe design and operation of specialized boiler valves.
- Describe a typical steam pressure reducing station, and the design and operation of steam system pressure‐reducing valves.
- Discuss valve details, including materials of construction and identification markings.
- Describe typical valve maintenance requirements.
Topic 1 Basic Electricity
Learning Outcome
Apply the concepts of basic electricity while performing simple calculations using voltage, current, resistance, and power.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the atomic structure of matter and its relationship to electricity.
- Describe basic electrical circuits.
- State Ohm’s Law and apply it to single‐resistor circuits.
- Apply Ohm’s Law to series resistance circuits.
- Apply Ohm’s Law to parallel resistance circuits.
- Explain electrical conductors and insulators using examples.
- Explain the factors that affect resistance mathematically.
- Calculate the power developed in an electrical circuit.
Topic 2 Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Learning Outcome
Describe the basic principles of magnetism.
Learning Objectives
- Describe magnetism and the relationship between magnetism and electricity.
- Describe the relationship between electricity and magnetism in an electrical generator.
- Describe the relationship between electricity and magnetism in an electric motor.
Topic 3 Electrical Metering Devices
Learning Outcome
Describe the design and application of electrical metering devices.
Learning Objectives
- Describe electrical meters and their uses.
- Describe how voltage, current, and resistance are measured in an electric circuit.
- Describe the construction and operation of a kilowatt hour meter.
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principles of the various types of AC and DC motors and generators.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the construction and operation of DC generators and motors.
- Describe the construction and operation of AC generators (alternators) and motors.
- Interpret the information on a motor nameplate.
- Perform basic calculations relating to power factor and power factor correction.
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principles of electrical transformers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the principle of operation of transformers.
- Perform basic transformer calculations as they relate to the construction and operation of single‐phase transformers.
- Describe the construction and operation of three‐phase transformers.
- Discuss special transformer types and their applications.
- Discuss transformer cooling, safety, and maintenance.
Topic 6 Electrical Distribution Circuits
Learning Outcome
Describe an electrical distribution system.
Learning Objectives
- List and describe the standard types of electrical voltage systems.
- Interpret electrical single‐line diagrams and circuit symbols.
- Describe the major components of an electrical distribution system.
- Describe the function and operation of fuses and circuit breakers.
- Describe the function and operation of alternate power supply system equipment.
Topic 1 Introduction to Energy Plant Controls and Instrumentation
Learning Outcome
Describe the overall purpose and function of plant instrumentation systems.Learning Objectives
- Describe the concept and basic components of a control loop.
- Describe the various means by which control signals are transmitted, and the function of transducers.
- List and describe the types of instruments that are not control loop components.
Topic 2 Introduction to Process Measurement
Learning Outcome
Describe the construction and operation of common devices used to measure pressure, level, flow, temperature, humidity, and composition.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the types of pressure sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the types of level sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the types of flow sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the types of temperature sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the types of humidity sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the types of gas sensing and measuring devices.
Topic 3 Basic Control and Instrumentation Components
Learning Outcome
Describe the basic types and functions of transmitters, recorders, controllers, and control actuators.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the construction and operational principles of instrumentation transmitters.
- Describe the construction and operational principles of instrumentation indicators and recorders.
- Describe the construction and operational principles of instrumentation controllers.
- Describe the construction and operational principles of final control elements.
Topic 4 Introduction to Programmable Controllers
Learning Outcome
Describe the operation of programming controls for boilers, including applicable testing and maintenance procedures.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss how programmable controllers work and how they act as sequencers for equipment.
- Describe applications of programmable controllers.
- Explain the HMI (human machine interface) and purpose of touchscreen displays, functions, and alarm handling.
Topic 5 Electronic Control Systems and Computer Applications
Learning Outcome
Describe the design and operation of electronic control systems.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss electronic process control systems.
- Describe computers and how they operate within control systems.
- Describe the applications of computerized control systems and plant computers.
Topic 6 Electrical Control Systems
Learning Outcome
Describe the design and operation of electrical control systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the basic construction and operation of various electric control system components.
- Describe the function of control devices in electric control systems.
- Explain the operating sequence of basic electric control circuits.
Topic 1 Energy Plant Sketching
Learning Outcome
Create engineering equipment sketches.
Learning Objectives
- Create sketches using center lines and dimensioning.
- Recognize standard views of an object.
- Recognize cross‐hatching methods in sectional drawings.
- Identify common symbols and lines used in plant system trace drawings.
- Complete a plant line tracing.
Topic 2 Plant Diagrams and Drawings
Learning Outcome
Identify common types of diagrams used in plants.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the layout of plant diagrams.
- Explain the use of process flow diagrams (PFDs).
- Explain the use of piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs).
- Explain the use of general arrangement, block plans and equipment diagrams.
Learning Outcome
Describe the types and proper usage of plant communication systems.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss effective written and verbal communication skills, including the use of two‐way radios.
- Describe the legal documentation requirements for Power Engineers, including log books and log sheets.
- Discuss the elements of Maintenance Management Systems, including work requests, and work orders.
- Discuss the purpose, revision, and control of Standard Operating Procedures.
- Discuss updating procedures for piping and instrumentation diagrams.
Topic 1 Introduction to Boilers
Learning Outcome
Describe the historical development of boilers, boiler design, components, and configuration.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the history of boiler applications, boiler design, and modern boiler improvements.
- Describe packaged boilers.
- Describe the construction of shop‐assembled and field‐erected boilers.
- Describe components and design aspects common to all boiler vessels.
Learning Outcome
Describe the design, components, and characteristics of firetube boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Differentiate the Scotch Boiler from the other firetube boilers, and describe its development history.
- Describe circulation patterns in firetube boilers.
- Discuss construction details of firetube boilers.
Learning Outcome
Describe the design, components, and characteristics of watertube boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the design and operating principles of watertube boilers.
- Describe watertube boiler components.
- Explain the design and application of packaged watertube boilers.
- Describe the design, construction, and components of large‐scale steam generating units.
Learning Outcome
Explain the general design and application of electric boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of electric boilers.
- Describe the construction and operating principle of electric boilers.
Topic 5 Special Boiler Designs for Heating Plants
Learning Outcome
Describe the special design considerations of boilers used in heating plants.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the design of watertube and coil tube heating boilers.
- Describe cast iron boilers and vertical firetube boilers.
- Describe the construction and application of firetube heating boiler designs.
Topic 6 Differences between Power and Heating Boilers
Learning Outcome
Differentiate between ASME Section I and ASME Section IV boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the differences between power boiler and heating boiler design and installation.
- Discuss the differences between power boiler and heating boiler operation.
Learning Outcome
Discuss the basic theory of combustion, and the equipment used to provide proper combustion conditions within a boiler.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss combustion, combustion equations, and the relationship between theoretical and excess air.
- Discuss the characteristics of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels.
- Explain the effects of fuels and combustion on refractory materials.
Topic 2 Fuel Delivery and Firing Systems
Learning Outcome
Describe common fuel systems found in boiler systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe solid fuel delivery systems.
- Describe the main types of solid fuel firing systems.
- Describe gaseous fuel delivery systems.
- Describe the main types of gaseous fuel firing systems.
- Describe liquid fuel delivery systems.
- Describe the main types liquid fuel firing systems.
- Describe flue gas analysis and how it relates to boiler efficiency.
Learning Outcome
Describe basic concepts and equipment used to supply combustion air to boiler furnaces.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the various air streams that deliver combustion air to a furnace.
- Relate differential pressure to the creation of draft.
- Describe forced, induced, and balanced mechanical draft.
- Discuss common methods of controlling combustion airflow.
- Discuss common methods of measuring furnace pressures.
Learning Outcome
Describe feedwater systems used with boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the overall layout of feedwater, condensate, and make‐up water systems.
- Describe the valves used in feedwater systems.
- Describe the control strategies for single‐element, two‐element, and three‐element boiler feedwater systems.
- Describe methods of supplying feedwater to steam heating boilers.
- Explain the operation of condensate receiver make‐up water controls.
- Describe the return of condensate, and the supply of feedwater to high‐pressure boilers.
Topic 5 Blowof f and Blowdown Systems
Learning Outcome
Describe the equipment, operation, and purpose of boiler blowoff and blowdown systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe blowoff, blowoff equipment and blowoff procedures.
- Describe continuous blowdown, blowdown equipment, and blowdown procedures.
- Describe the maintenance and repair of blowoff systems.
Topic 6 Boiler Fireside Cleaning Systems
Learning Outcome
Describe types of boiler fireside cleaning equipment, their purpose, and their operation.
Learning Objectives
- Describe common options for in‐service fireside cleaning.
- Describe the construction and operation of retractable soot blowers.
- Describe the construction and operation of stationary soot blowers.
- Describe falling shot cleaning methods.
Topic 1 Lubrication Principles
Learning Outcome
Describe the importance of lubrication and the principles concerned with lubrication.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the concept of lubrication and list the purposes of a lubricant.
- List the various classes and types of lubricants and describe their respective properties and application.
- List the properties of lubricating oils, the additives used, and their selection criteria.
Topic 2 Types of Bearings and Lubrication
Learning Outcome
Describe bearing types, methods for care and maintenance of bearings, and bearing lubrication systems.
Learning Objectives
- Define boundary and full fluid film lubrication.
- Describe shell (sleeve) bearings.
- Describe the construction and operation of antifriction and thrust bearings.
- Describe how to clean and replace roller and ball type bearings.
- Explain the causes of bearing failure.
Learning Outcome
Describe the construction and operating principles of various types of pumps used in plants.
Learning Objectives
- List common pump applications.
- Define the terms associated with pump performance.
- Describe the common pumps found in plants.
Topic 2 Pump Operation and Maintenance
Learning Outcome
Describe the major considerations and procedures for pump operation and maintenance.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the components of a driver and pump assembly.
- Discuss pump shaft sealing, compression packing, and the replacement of compression packing.
- Describe the standard types of mechanical seals.
- Describe pump bearings, shaft alignment procedures, and the equipment used to align shafts.
- Describe centrifugal pump startup and priming procedures.
- Describe positive displacement pump operating characteristics, priming, startup, and routine checks.
Topic 3 Introduction to Compressors
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principles of the different types of compressors.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the main classifications and types of compressors.
- Describe gaseous compression systems.
Topic 4 Compressor Operation and Maintenance
Learning Outcome
Describe the major considerations and general procedures for compressor operation and maintenance.
Learning Objectives
- Describe compressor parts and auxiliary equipment.
- Describe the construction and operation of seals for compressors.
- Describe the capacity control of compressors.
- Describe preventative maintenance and routine procedures for compressors.
Topic 1 Pressure Relief Valves
Learning Outcome
Explain the code requirements, design, and operation of pressure relief valves for power boilers, heating boilers, and pressure vessels.
Learning Objectives
-
Discuss the code requirements, construction, and operation of ASME Section I Pressure Relief Valves and Devices.
- Discuss the code requirements, construction, and operation of ASME Section IV Pressure Relief Valves and Devices.
- Describe the testing and repair of pressure relief valves.
- Describe the construction and operation of temperature and pressure relief valves.
Learning Outcome
Explain the design and operation of combustion safety controls on burners and boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operation of control and safety devices found on boiler fuel supplies.
- Describe the construction and operation of flame detectors.
- Describe the combustion safety controls for boilers and burner systems.
- Describe burner management systems.
- Interpret burner operating sequence charts, and provide a typical sequence of startup and shutdown events.
Topic 3 Water Level Safety Controls
Learning Outcome
Describe feedwater devices, and control methods used on boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the construction and operation of boiler low water level fuel cut‐off equipment.
- List the CSA and ASME code requirements regarding low water fuel cut‐off devices.
- Describe direct and indirect type boiler water level indicators.
Learning Outcome
Relate the code, operation, and required fittings to the operating principles of fittings found on boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the code references for boiler fittings.
- Describe the code requirements for pressure gauges on steam boilers.
- Describe the code requirements for the boiler connections and valves on steam boilers.
- Describe the code requirements for fittings on hot water heating boilers.
- Describe the non‐code fittings used on boilers.
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating and safety controls found on boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe basic boiler firing rate controls.
- Discuss various operating controls for steam and hot water boilers.
Learning Outcome
Describe the operational procedures related to starting up auxiliary equipment in a boiler plant.
Learning Objectives
-
Describe the basic auxiliaries that need to be checked, prepared, or placed in service before starting a boiler plant.
- Describe the general procedures for starting a plant for the first time, or restarting after an outage or turnaround.
- Discuss basic operating practices for starting pumps and fans.
- Describe the general preparation for a hot water boiler startup.
- Describe the general preparation for a steam boiler startup.
- Describe the safety and housekeeping preparation requirements for boiler plant startup.
Learning Outcome
Describe procedures for safely starting boiler systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe operating considerations when warming a cold boiler.
- Describe how to start and cut‐in a hot water boiler.
- Describe how to start a single boiler steam plant.
- Describe how to cut‐in a steam boiler in a multiple boiler plant.
- Describe semi‐automatic burner ignition systems.
- Discuss the post startup inspection for boilers returning to service after a major outage.
Learning Outcome
Describe operational procedures related to operating boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operation of a hot water heating boiler under routine conditions.
- Describe routine steam boiler operating duties.
- Describe emergency conditions in boiler plants and the required responses.
- Describe basic boiler troubleshooting activities.
Learning Outcome
Describe operational checks for operating boiler plants.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the shift based operator responsibilities for boiler plants.
- Describe the safety device operational checks carried out on boilers.
- Describe routine maintenance activities for boiler plant operation.
- Describe the use of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
-
Describe the need for boiler operating and maintenance logs, and the type of information that should be recorded.
Learning Outcome
Describe generic shutdown and layup procedures for different boiler types.
Learning Objectives
- Describe hot water boiler shutdown procedures.
- Describe steam boiler shutdown and lockout procedures.
- Describe extended period layup requirements for steam boilers.
Topic 6 Boiler Plant Monitoring and Reporting
Learning Outcome
Describe the points and readings that need to be monitored and recorded in a plant.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss recording requirements for operating and performance conditions.
- Discuss the various systems required to conduct equipment repairs, and to manage the related maintenance records.
- Describe the operational causes, consequences, and prevention of water hammer.
- Describe the consequences and actions required for various equipment failures.
- Describe the consequences, and actions required, in the event of boiler accidents.
Topic 1 Energy Plant Maintenance I
Learning Outcome
Describe the safe use of common hand tools in the powerhouse.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the types and proper use of hacksaws, files, chisels, hammers, screwdrivers, and wrenches.
- Describe the types and proper use of hand threading tools.
- Describe the types and proper use of measuring tools.
- Describe the proper layout of work and the use of layout tools.
-
Describe the types and proper use of portable and fixed grinders, hand drills, drill presses, and the care of drill bits.
Topic 2 Energy Plant Maintenance II
Learning Outcome
Discuss and describe the safe and proper setup of equipment for hoisting and working above ground.
Learning Objectives
-
Describe the requirements for setting up work platforms in general and ladders and scaffolding in particular.
- Describe the general safety precautions and calculations used when rigging equipment.
- Describe the general safety precautions used when hoisting equipment.
- Discuss the correct use and limitations of wire cable and rope, including cable attachments and rope knots.
- List and describe common types of metal fasteners, such as screws, bolts, studs, nuts, and washers.
Learning Outcome
Describe the service and maintenance required for boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the general maintenance and service of packaged firetube and cast iron sectional boilers.
- Identify the operational procedures for wet and dry boiler layups.
- Describe ways of detecting firetube and tubesheet leaks.
- Describe the general procedure for the removal and replacement of defective firetubes.
Learning Outcome
Discuss the procedure for preparing a boiler for inspection and cleaning, and describe mechanical and chemical boiler cleaning methods.
Learning Objectives
- List the steps and precautions to prepare a boiler for inspection.
- Describe the internal inspection of a boiler.
- Describe the methods and tools used to mechanically clean boilers.
- Describe two methods used to chemically clean boilers.
Topic 1 External Boiler Water Treatment
Learning Outcome
Describe the general principle, methods, and equipment used in preparing raw feedwater for steam production.
Learning Objectives
-
Describe typical impurities and their effects on plant and boiler water pre‐treatment systems, and their treatment process.
- Describe the equipment requirements for pre‐treatment of plant water systems.
- Describe water filtration and the removal of suspended solids.
- Describe the purpose, processes, and equipment used in water softening.
- Describe the theory, process, and equipment used in deaeration.
Topic 2 Internal Boiler Water Treatment
Learning Outcome
Describe the general principles, methods, and equipment used for internal boiler water treatment.
Learning Objectives
-
Describe the types of problems, and associated treatments, related to internal boiler water contamination.
- Describe internal boiler feedwater chemical feed systems.
- Describe standard boiler water testing.
Learning Outcome
Discuss the general principles, methods, and equipment used for the treatment of condensate.
Learning Objectives
- Describe condensate treatment and the effects of non‐treatment.
- Describe the tests conducted on condensate.
Topic 4 Cooling Tower and Condenser Water Treatment
Learning Outcome
Discuss the general principles, methods, and equipment used for the treatment of condenser water, and their effects on the cooling tower.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the effects of water on condensers and cooling tower materials.
- Describe condenser and cooling tower water treatment.
- Describe cooling tower and condenser water tests for common treatment methods.
Topic 5 Recirculating System Water Treatment
Learning Outcome
Describe recirculating water systems, their effects, treatment, and tests.
Learning Objectives
- Describe recirculating water system corrosion and deposition.
- Describe the use of sacrificial anodes, and measurement techniques to determine corrosion.
- Describe glycol system testing requirements.
- Discuss the monitoring tools, procedures, and tests used in recirculating water systems.
Topic 1 Heat Engines and Prime Movers
Learning Outcome
Discuss the historical conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy.
Learning Objectives
- Differentiate between the terms “heat engine” and “prime mover.”
- Discuss the history of the steam engine and the expansive power of steam.
Learning Outcome
Describe the construction and operation of steam turbines.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the principle of operation and major components of a steam turbine.
- Describe the lubrication and sealing of steam turbine shafts.
- Describe how the rotational speed of a steam turbine is governed and controlled.
- List the steps to follow in a typical steam turbine start‐up and shut‐down.
Topic 3 Condensers and Cooling Towers
Learning Outcome
Describe the operation and maintenance of condensers and cooling towers.
Learning Objectives
-
Explain the construction and operation of condensers, and how they relate to the operation of cooling towers.
- Explain the principle of operation, the purpose, and the major components of cooling towers.
- Describe the construction and operation of natural draft cooling towers.
- Describe the construction and operation of mechanical draft cooling towers.
- Discuss cold climate operation for cooling towers.
- Explain typical problems and resolutions required within the operation of cooling towers.
Learning Outcome
Describe the application, startup, operation, and maintenance required for gas turbines.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the principle of construction and operation of gas turbines.
- Identify the operational characteristics of gas turbines.
- Describe regeneration and combined steam‐gas turbine operating cycles.
- Describe the key elements of gas turbine startup, operation, and auxiliaries.
Topic 5 Internal Combustion Engines
Learning Outcome
Describe the application, construction, and operation of internal combustion engines.
Learning Objectives
-
Discuss the fuels used in internal combustion engines.
-
Describe the working cycles of the 4‐stroke and 2‐stroke spark ignition engines.
-
Describe the working cycle of the 4‐stroke compression ignition (diesel) cycle.
-
Describe the construction of basic spark and compression engines.
-
Explain the basic operating considerations for diesel engines.
Topic 1 Lighting Systems
Learning Outcome
Explain the various lighting systems and some of the basic design considerations for lighting a space.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the common types of lighting equipment and systems.
- Discuss the different types of artificial light sources.
- Explain the various methods of lighting control.
- Describe the general requirements and criteria for emergency lighting in buildings.
- Discuss the interrelationship between lighting, air conditioning, and energy conservation in buildings.
Topic 2 Building Water Systems
Learning Outcome
Explain the various water supply systems used in buildings.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the cold water distribution system in a building.
- Describe the hot water distribution system in a building.
-
Describe the construction and operation of building system hot water heaters, including temperature regulation.
- List and describe the construction and operation of water system protective devices in buildings.
- Explain what is meant by “backflow prevention” and describe the common methods used.
- Describe the maintenance requirements for the components in a building water distribution system.
Learning Outcome
Describe the design and components of various drainage systems used in facilities.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the overall layout of building drainage systems.
- Describe storm water drainage systems for buildings.
- Describe how surface runoff is managed in order to minimize environmental impact.
Learning Outcome
Explain the basic concept of refrigeration and refrigerants.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the fundamentals of refrigeration.
- Describe the cycle of operations in a vapor compression refrigeration system.
- Explain how the operating temperatures and pressures are selected and related for a vapor compression refrigeration system.
- State how the capacity of a refrigeration system is described and how refrigeration tables are used to calculate system performance.
- Describe how refrigerants are classified.
- Describe the thermodynamic properties of refrigerants.
-
Describe the properties of refrigerants relating to miscibility, leakage tendency, odor, moisture reaction, toxicity, and flammability.
Topic 2 Compression Refrigeration Systems
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principles of compression refrigeration systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the basic layout of compression refrigeration systems.
- Distinguish between direct and indirect refrigeration systems.
- Describe the layout of packaged refrigeration systems and the role of a refrigeration economizer.
- Describe the special types of refrigeration compressors, and how they are similar to and different from air compressors.
- Describe the special designs of refrigeration system evaporators and condensers.
Topic 3 Refrigeration System Control and Operation
Learning Outcome
Describe the purposes and operating principles of refrigeration system operational and safety controls.
Learning Objectives
- Describe refrigeration system controls.
- List the safety shutdown devices specific to centrifugal compressor water chillers.
- Describe typical refrigeration system safety shutdown devices.
- Describe the construction and operation of refrigerant metering devices.
- Describe the different methods used to control evaporator capacity.
- Describe the different methods used to control the capacity of refrigeration compressors.
Topic 4 Refrigeration System Operation and Maintenance
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principles and maintenance of refrigeration systems.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss refrigeration auxiliaries.
- Describe refrigeration system leak test procedures.
- Describe how a refrigeration system is dried and charged prior to start‐up.
- List the steps for adding oil to an in‐service refrigeration compressor.
- Describe the start‐up and shut‐down procedure for a compression refrigeration system.
- Describe operational log sheets and preventative maintenance procedures for refrigeration systems.
- Describe how a refrigeration system is purged of noncondensable gases.
- Discuss refrigeration condenser operation and maintenance requirements.
- Explain typical problems and resolutions related to refrigeration systems.
Topic 5 Absorption Refrigeration Systems
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principle, maintenance, and operation of absorption refrigeration systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the basic absorption system, comparing the differences to the compression system.
- Describe the theory and operation of an ammonia absorption refrigeration system.
- Describe the theory and operation of a lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system.
- Explain the operation of absorption refrigeration systems with respect to crystallization and dilution.
- Describe the major parts and systems of an absorption system, including: heat exchanger bypass system, pump motor lubrication and cooling system, and purging system.
- Describe the startup and shutdown procedures for an absorption refrigeration system.
- Describe the preventive maintenance that should be performed on an absorption refrigeration system.
- Explain typical problems and resolutions related to an absorption refrigeration system.
Topic 6 Refrigeration Plant Safety
Learning Outcome
Outline the potential hazards inherent to refrigeration plants, the CSA requirements intended to mitigate hazards, and typical responses taken in the case of a significant leak.
Learning Objectives
-
Identify and provide a basic explanation of the CSA B52 Code requirements for refrigeration plant machinery rooms.
- Identify safe practices for refrigeration plant operation and maintenance.
- Describe the appropriate emergency response to a significant refrigerant leak.
- Describe the Canadian Environmental Emergency Regulations and how they relate to refrigeration plants.
Topic 1 Conditioning the Air
Learning Outcome
Explain the methods and techniques for conditioning air in plants and buildings.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the process to condition air for human comfort and health.
- List the categories and functions of HVAC systems.
- Describe the operation of air‐handling units.
- Define the terms humidity, relative humidity, and dewpoint.
- Define the terms dry‐bulb temperature, wet‐bulb temperature, wet‐bulb depression, and how they relate to relative humidity.
Learning Outcome
Explain the equipment and principles of humidification.
Learning Objectives
-
Describe the general purpose and principles of humidification.
-
Describe residential and warm air types of humidifiers.
-
Describe industrial and commercial types of humidifiers.
Topic 3 Fans for Air Distribution Systems
Learning Outcome
Describe the airflow behavior and movement of air through distribution systems.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss the theory of airflow and pressure conversions.
- Describe the major types of air handling fans, their construction, and operation.
- Interpret fan performance curves.
- Describe fan motors, drives, and belt guards.
- Describe fan volume controls.
Topic 4 Ventilation and Air Filters
Learning Outcome
Describe the various ventilation systems, including various types of air filters used in these systems.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the difference between natural and mechanical ventilation.
- Describe the various contaminants found in air.
- Describe the types of air cleaning devices used in industrial/commercial buildings.
Learning Outcome
Describe the designs and components of duct systems used in HVAC applications.
Learning Objectives
- Explain how air duct systems are classified.
- Describe air duct materials, system layout, fabrication, and installation.
- Describe air duct leakage.
- List and describe the types of liners, dampers, and louvres used in air duct systems.
- Discuss terminal air distribution devices, and the principles of diffusion, induction, entrainment, and aspiration.
Topic 6 Types of Coils and Operation
Learning Outcome
Describe the various types and operation of coils used in HVAC systems.
Learning Objectives
-
Explain how steam, hot water, and glycol coils are sized, configured, and operated to reduce the chance of freezing.
-
Describe the installation recommendations for coils, piping, steam traps, control valves, air vents, and vacuum relief devices.
Learning Outcome
Describe the components, operating principles, and maintenance procedures of steam heating systems.
Learning Objectives
-
Describe the construction and operation of steam heating system devices used to transfer heat from the steam to a heated space.
- Describe the auxiliary equipment used in a steam heating system, including air vents, radiator valves and traps, and condensate return equipment.
- Describe standard types of piping and equipment layout for steam heating systems.
- Describe the general operation and maintenance of steam heating systems.
- Apply a steam heating system troubleshooting guide.
Learning Outcome
Describe the various designs, equipment, and operation of hot water heating systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the standard piping and circulation layouts of hot water heating systems.
- Compare the advantages and disadvantages of hot water and steam heating systems.
- Describe various types of special hot water heating systems.
- Describe the purpose and function of standard hot water heating system accessories.
- Explain how the location of the hot water circulating pump and the expansion tank are determined.
- Describe the routine operation of hot water heating systems, including cleaning, filling, starting, and use of glycol/antifreeze.
- Apply a hot water heating troubleshooting guide.
Learning Outcome
Describe common heating systems encountered by Power Engineers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe natural gas fueled warm air heating systems.
- Describe the recommended maintenance procedures for warm air heating and ventilating systems.
- Discuss the concept and application of infrared heating.
-
Describe the different methods of electric heating, and their advantages and disadvantages as compared to other types of systems.
Topic 4 Cooling Systems and Combination Systems
Learning Outcome
Describe central, unitary and combined HVAC systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the general layout and operation of unitary air conditioning systems.
- Describe the general layout and operation of central air conditioning systems.
- Describe the general layout and operation of combined air conditioning systems.
- Discuss how HVAC systems should be operated under different situations.
Topic 5 Heat Gains and Losses, and Heat Recovery Methods
Learning Outcome
Describe heat gains and losses, and common methods for energy recovery.
Learning Objectives
- Define heat transmission terminology.
- Describe heat gain and heat loss analysis in a building or plant.
- Describe the general principles of HVAC heat recovery.
Learning Outcome
Describe the control systems strategies used in HVAC systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe a basic ventilation control strategy for HVAC systems.
- Describe heating control strategies for HVAC systems.
- Describe humidification, dehumidification, and cooling control strategies for HVAC systems.
- Describe volume control with static pressure regulation for HVAC systems.
Topic 1 Common Plant Configurations in Hydrocarbon Centric Industries
Learning Outcome
Identify steam‐related processes employed in common types of plants.
Learning Objectives
- Identify standard thermal system pathways and segments commonly used in plants.
- Identify equipment and processes in heat transfer fluid (HTF) heating systems.
- Identify the main thermal processes used in oil refining industries.
- Describe the main processes used in steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS).
- Identify thermal processes used in gas separation and compression plants.
Topic 2 Common Plant Configurations in Energy Intensive Industries
Learning Outcome
Identify steam related processes employed in common types of plants.
Learning Objectives
- Identify the main steam/boiler processes used in wood and biomass processing plants.
- Identify the important thermal processes used in food production and preservation.
- Identify the common processes and equipment used in metallurgical processing plants.
Topic 1 Introduction to Basic Mechanics
Learning Outcome
Apply basic terms and calculations used in the study of mechanics.
Learning Objectives
- Define mass, force, acceleration, velocity, and weight.
- Perform simple calculations involving force, pressure, work, power, and energy.
Learning Outcome
Perform calculations involving forces and moments, and determine when a system of forces is in equilibrium.
Learning Objectives
- Define the moment of a force and its units.
- Determine the direction and calculate the magnitude of the moment of a force.
Learning Outcome
Perform calculations relating to mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency.
Learning Objectives
1. Define the term simple machine and apply to calculations of mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency of simple machines.
Learning Outcome
Define and identify scalar and vector quantities and solve simple vector problems graphically.
Learning Objectives
-
Define scalar and vector quantities as they apply to drawing vector diagrams.
Topic 5 Linear Velocity and Acceleration
Learning Outcome
Solve simple problems involving linear velocity, time, and distance.
Learning Objectives
- Solve distance, displacement, speed, and velocity problems.
- Draw graphs of velocity as a function of time.
- Define acceleration, state its units, and solve simple acceleration problems.
- Apply mathematical formulae relating acceleration, velocity, distance and time to solve problems.
Topic 6 Force, Work, Pressure, Power, and Energy
Learning Outcome
Perform calculations involving force, work, pressure, power, and energy.
Learning Objectives
- Perform calculations involving force and work.
- Perform calculations involving gauge, atmospheric, and absolute pressure.
- Perform calculations involving power and different forms of mechanical energy.
Learning Outcome
Solve problems involving friction.
Learning Objectives
- Apply the laws governing the types of friction.
- Apply the coefficient of friction to problems involving forces on a horizontal plane.
Learning Outcome
Explain physical properties of materials and how their behavior is affected when external forces are applied.
Learning Objectives
-
Describe the mechanical properties of materials, including elasticity, stiffness, plasticity, ductility,toughness, brittleness, and hardness.
-
Calculate stress including tensile, compressive, and shear stresses within rigid bodies due to external loads.
- Calculate the strain of members under load.
Learning Outcome
Perform calculations pertaining to common power transmission systems.
National Institute for the Uniform Licensing of Power Engineers, Inc. PO BOX 16369
Learning Objectives
- 1. Calculate pulley speeds, transmitted power, and efficiency of belt drive systems.
- Calculate gear speeds for gear and chain drive systems.
- Details
Operating SAFETY - Manager Course Outline with Outcomes:
Discuss typical legislation and programs that manage safety in the industrial workplace.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the general intent, power and scope of Occupational Health and Safety legislation.
- Explain the intent and scope of a workplace OH&S program and state the responsibilities of company, employees, and the OH&S Committee within the program.
- Define and give examples of typical workplace hazards and describe a system of hazard identification and control.
- Explain the purpose of work permits and describe typical hot and cold work permit systems.
- Explain the purpose of equipment lockout, describe lockout devices, and describe a typical equipment lockout procedure.
- Define and identify confined spaces and describe a typical confined space permit and entry procedure.
- Explain the hazards of excavation and describe typical excavation procedures and permits.
- Explain the purpose and describe the typical components of an emergency response plan.
- State the purpose of HCS, explain the use of labels and material safety data sheets, and explain the responsibilities of employer and employee.
- Explain the purpose, requirements, and procedures for incident and accident investigation and reporting.
Learning Outcome
Describe comprehensive safe work programs.
- Identify the components and explain the management of a comprehensive safe work program.
- Explain the components and management of a safety training program.
- Explain the process of hazard identification, risk assessment, and mitigation.
- Explain the significance and procedure for safe work planning.
- Explain the significance and procedure for safe work permits, including lockouts.
- Explain the significance and procedure for confined space entry.
- Explain the significance and procedure for hot work.
- Explain the significance and procedure for excavations.
- Explain the significance and procedure for working at heights.
- Explain the significance and components of a contractor safety program.
- Explain the components and management ofa safety audit program, including roles, and responsibilities.
- Explain the purpose, components, and procedure for a hazard and operability study.
Describe emergency response and incident investigation programs.
- Identify the benefits and typical stakeholders of an emergency response program.
- Explain the typical components of an emergency response program.
- Explain the process of developing and maintaining an emergency response program, including typical responsibilities and accountabilities.
- Explain the procedure for emergency response testing.
- Explain the typical components of an incident reporting and investigation program.
- Define categories of incidents.
- Describe roles and responsibilities for incident initial reporting, investigation, final reporting, and corrective actions.
- Explain the significance of and steps required in incident investigation.
- Describe a system for managing incident report data, including the communication process, and its significance.
- Apply an incident reporting and investigation procedure to a case study.
Operating SAFETY - 1st Class Course Outline with Outcomes:
Describe general plant safety as it related to Operators.
- Discuss the cost and effects of workplace accidents.
- Describe the basic hazards that may be in an energy plant, and the basic Personal Protective Equipment that may be required.
- Define, give examples of, and describe common power house hazards.
- Describe Industrial health and safety management system.
- Describe Hazard Assessment and Control programs.
Learning Outcome
Describe common safety programs generally applied in plants.
- Describe common occupational health and safety programs found in most plants.
- Describe industrial safety programs in which Operators may require additional training.
- Discuss safe work permits.
- Describe methods of equipment isolation and lock out.
Describe the policies and procedures for safe storage and handling of dangerous materials.
- Discuss the HCS system.
- Discuss the essential components required in the HCS systems.
- Describe the safe handling and use of gas cylinders in an energy plant (power plant).
- Discuss the safe handling of Hydrocarbons.
Learning Outcome
Explain the design and operation of combustion safety controls on burners and boilers.
- Describe the operation of control and safety devices found on boiler fuel supplies.
- Describe the construction and operation of flame detectors.
- Describe the combustion safety controls for boilers and burner systems.
- Describe burner management systems.
- Interpret burner operating sequence charts, and provide a typical sequence of startup and shutdown vents.
Explain fire safety in an industrial plant.
- Discuss the theory, terminology, and the life safety issues associated with fires.
- Explain the five classes of fires, and describe the types of fire extinguishing media and how they act on these fires.
- Explain fire prevention.
- Discuss fire prevention methods for the five types of fires.
Describe typical fire extinguishing equipment and its operation in plant environments.
- Describe the construction and operation of various types of portable fire extinguishers.
- Discuss the inspection and maintenance requirements of portable fire extinguishers.
- Describe the types, layout, and operation of standpipe and sprinkler systems.
- Discuss the maintenance requirements of standpipe and sprinkler system components.
- Describe the purpose, operation, and maintenance of fire pumps.
Describe procedures needed to enter into, or work safely in confined spaces.
- Define confined space, list some confined spaces, and describe the hazards of being ina confined space.
- Describe procedures to be followed when performing a confined space entry, including completion of an entry checklist.
- Details
Process Operator I - Course Outline with Outcomes:
Chapter 1 Introduction to Energy Plant Piping Systems
Discuss the basic types of piping, piping connections, supports, and drainage devices used in industry.
- State the applications for the most common materials and identify the sizes of commercial pipe.
- Describe methods of connection for screwed, flanged, and welded pipe; identify fittings and their markings.
- Describe methods and devices used to allow for pipe expansion and support.
- Explain the methods used to promote good drainage of steam pipes, including the installation and maintenance of steam traps, to reduce the effects of water hammer.
- Explain the requirements, materials, and methods for insulating pipe.
Chapter 2 Introduction to Energy Plant Valves
Discuss the design and uses of the valve designs most commonly used in industry and on boilers.
Learning Objectives
- Describe standard valve designs.
- Describe design and operation of specialized boiler valves.
- Describe a typical steam pressure reducing station, and the design and operation of steam system pressure-reducing valves.
- Discuss valve details, including materials of construction and identification markings.
- Describe typical valve maintenance requirements.
Chapter 3 Steam Traps
Learning Outcome
Explain the purpose of steam traps and describe the installation and operating principles of the various steam traps found on piping systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the designs and operating principles of mechanical traps.
- Describe the designs and operating principles of thermostatic steam traps.
- Describe the correct piping arrangement and procedures for a steam trap.
- Explain the purpose and design of a strainer.
- Explain the causes, effects, and prevention of water hammer.
Chapter 4 Types of Pumps
Describe the construction and operating principles of various types of pumps used in plants.
- List common pump applications.
- Define the terms associated with pump performance.
- Describe the common pumps found in plants.
Chapter 5 Pump Operation and Maintenance
Describe the major considerations and procedures for pump operation and maintenance.
- Discuss the components of a driver and pump assembly.
- Discuss pump shaft sealing, compression packing, and the replacement of compression packing.
- Describe the standard types of mechanical seals.
- Describe pump bearings, shaft alignment procedures, and the equipment used to align shafts.
- Describe centrifugal pump startup and priming procedures.
- Describe positive displacement pump operating characteristics, priming, startup, and routine checks.
Chapter 6 Air Compression
Describe the operating principles of the different types of compressors.
- Describe the main classifications and types of compressors.
- Describe gaseous compression systems.
Chapter 7 Compressor Operation and Maintenance
Describe the major considerations and general procedures for compressor operation and maintenance.
Learning Objectives
- Describe compressor parts and auxiliary equipment.
- Describe the construction and operation of seals for compressors.
- Describe the capacity control of compressors.
- Describe preventative maintenance and routine procedures for compressors.
Chapter 8 Lubrication
Learning Outcome
Describe the importance and the principles of lubrication.
- Discuss the concept of lubrication and list the purposes of a lubricant.
- List the various classes and types of lubricants and describe their respective properties and applications.
- List the properties of lubricating oils and the additives used.
Chapter 9 Heat Engines and Prime Movers
Discuss the historical conversion of heat energy into mechanical energy.
- Differentiate between the terms “heat engine” and “prime mover.”
- Discuss the history of the steam engine and the expansive power of steam.
Chapter 10 Steam Turbines
Describe the construction and operation of steam turbines.
- Describe the principle of operation and major components of a steam turbine.
- Describe the lubrication and sealing of steam turbine shafts.
- Describe how the rotational speed of a steam turbine is governed and controlled.
- List the steps to follow in a typical steam turbine start-up and shut-down.
Chapter 11 Gas Turbines
Describe the application, startup, operation, and maintenance required for gas turbines.
- Describe the principle of construction and operation of gas turbines.
- Identify the operational characteristics of gas turbines.
- Describe regeneration and combined steam-gas turbine operating cycles.
- Describe the key elements of gas turbine startup, operation, and auxiliaries.
Chapter 12 Internal Combustion Engines
Describe the application, construction, and operation of internal combustion engines.
- Discuss the fuels used in internal combustion engines.
- Describe the working cycles of the 4-stroke and 2-stroke spark ignition engines.
- Describe the working cycle of the 4-stroke compression ignition (diesel) cycle.
- Describe the construction of basic spark and compression engines.
- Explain the basic operating considerations for diesel engines.
Chapter 13 Cooling Towers
Describe the operation and maintenance of condensers and cooling towers.
- Explain the construction and operation of condensers, and how they relate to the operation of cooling towers.
- Explain the principle of operation, the purpose, and the major components of cooling towers.
- Describe the construction and operation of natural draft cooling towers.
- Describe the construction and operation of mechanical draft cooling towers.
- Discuss cold climate operation for cooling towers.
- Explain typical problems and resolutions required within the operation of cooling towers.
Chapter 14 Basic Electricity
Apply the concepts of basic electricity while performing simple calculations using voltage, current, resistance, and power.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the atomic structure of matter and its relationship to electricity.
- Describe basic electrical circuits.
- State Ohm’s Law and apply it to single-resistor circuits.
- Apply Ohm’s Law to series resistance circuits.
- Apply Ohm’s Law to parallel resistance circuits.
- Explain electrical conductors and insulators using examples.
- Explain the factors that affect resistance mathematically.
- Calculate the power developed in an electrical circuit.
Chapter 15 Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Learning Outcome
Describe the basic principles of magnetism.
- Describe magnetism and the relationship between magnetism and electricity.
- Describe the relationship between electricity and magnetism in an electrical generator.
- Describe the relationship between electricity and magnetism in an electric motor.
Chapter 16 Electrical Metering Devices
Learning Outcome
Describe the design and application of electrical metering devices.
- Describe electrical meters and their uses.
- Describe how voltage, current, and resistance are measured in an electric circuit.
- Describe the construction and operation of a kilowatt hour meter.
Chapter 17 Motors and Generators
Learning Outcome
Describe the operating principles of the various types of AC and DC motors and generators.
- Describe the construction and operation of DC generators and motors.
- Describe the construction and operation of AC generators (alternators) and motors.
- Interpret the information on a motor nameplate.
- Perform basic calculations relating to power factor and power factor correction.
Chapter 18 Introduction to Energy Plant Controls and Instrumentation
Describe the overall purpose and function of plant instrumentation systems.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the concept and basic components of a control loop.
- Describe the various means by which control signals are transmitted, and the function of
- List and describe the types of instruments that are not control loop components.
Chapter 19 Introduction to Process Measurement
Describe the construction and operation of common devices used to measure pressure, level, flow, temperature, humidity, and composition.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the types of pressure sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the types of level sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the types of flow sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the types of temperature sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the types of humidity sensing and measuring devices.
- Describe the types of gas sensing and measuring devices.
Chapter 20 Basic Control and Instrumentation Components
Learning Outcome
Describe the basic types and functions of transmitters, recorders, controllers, and control actuators.
- Describe the construction and operational principles of instrumentation transmitters.
- Describe the construction and operational principles of instrumentation indicators and recorders.
- Describe the construction and operational principles of instrumentation controllers.
- Describe the construction and operational principles of final control elements.
Chapter 21 Introduction to Programmable Controllers
Describe the operation of programming controls for boilers, including applicable testing and maintenance procedures.
Learning Objectives
- Discuss how programmable controllers work and how they act as sequencers for equipment.
- Describe applications of programmable controllers.
- Explain the HMI (human machine interface) and purpose of touchscreen displays, functions, alarm handling.
Chapter 22 Powerhouse Maintenance I
Describe the safe use of common hand tools in the powerhouse.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the types and proper use of hacksaws, files, chisels, hammers, screwdrivers, and wrenches.
- Describe the types and proper use of hand threading tools.
- Describe the types and proper use of measuring tools.
- Describe the proper layout of work and the use of layout tools.
- Describe the types and proper use of portable and fixed grinders, hand drills, drill presses, and the care of drill bits.
Chapter 23 Common Plant Configurations in Hydrocarbon Centric Industries
Identify steam-related processes employed in common types of plants.
- Identify standard thermal system pathways and segments commonly used in plants.
- Identify equipment and processes in heat transfer fluid (HTF) heating systems.
- Identify the main thermal processes used in oil refining industries.
- Describe the main processes used in steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS).
- Identify thermal processes used in gas separation and compression plants.
Process Operator II - Course Outline with Outcomes:
Chapter 1 Piping Design, Connections, Support
Discuss the codes, designs, specifications, and connections for ferrous, non-ferrous and non-metallic piping and explain expansion and support devices common to
piping systems.
Learning Objectives
- Identify and explain the general scope of the ASME, ANSI, ASTM codes and standards with respect to piping and pipe fittings. Differentiate between power piping and process piping.
- Explain methods of pipe manufacture, size specifications and service ratings, and the material specifications and applications for ferrous pipe.
- Using pipe specifications and the ASME code Sections I and II you will be able to identify the size of pipe required for a particular installation, process or operating condition.
- Explain the materials, code specifications and applications of common, non-ferrous metal piping and cast iron.
- Describe screwed, welded, and flanged methods of pipe connection and identify the fittings used for each method.
- Describe the construction, designs and materials of flange gaskets, and explain the confined, semi- confined and unconfined flange styles.
- Explain the materials, construction and approved applications of common, non-metallic pipe.
- Explain the effects of temperature on piping; explain the mechanisms and the dangers of expansion in piping systems, including attached equipment.
- State the purpose and explain the designs, locations and applications of simple and offset U-bend expansion bends.
- Describe designs, locations, care and maintenance of slip, corrugated, bellows, hinged, universal, pressure-balanced, and externally pressurized expansion joints.
- Describe design, location, operation of pipe support components, including hangers, roller stands, ie spring hangers, constant load hangers, anchors, and guides.
Chapter 2 Steam Traps, Water Hammer, Insulation
Explain the designs and operation of steam trap systems, the causes and prevention of water hammer, and the designs and applications of pipe insulation.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the dynamics, design, and components of steam/condensate return systems for steam lines and condensing vessels. Explain roles and locations of separators and traps.
- Describe the design, operation and application of ball float, inverted bucket, thermostatic, bi- metallic, impulse, controlled disc, and liquid expansion steam traps.
- Explain the selection, sizing and capacity of steam traps and explain the factors that determine efficient trap operation.
- Explain the procedures for commissioning, testing, and maintenance of steam traps.
- Explain and compare condensate-induced and flow-induced water hammer in steam and condensate lines. Explain the typical velocities, pressures and damage that can be created in steam/condensate lines due to water hammer.
- Describe specific trap and condensate return arrangements that are designed to prevent water hammer in steam and condensate lines.
- State precautions that must be observed to prevent water hammer and describe a typical steam system start-up procedure that will prevent water hammer.
- State the purposes of insulation and explain the properties required of a good insulating material. Explain thermal conductivity, K-Factor and R-Value.
- Identify the most common industrial insulating materials, describe the composition and characteristics of each, and explain in what service each would be used.
- Describe common methods for applying insulation to piping and equipment, including wrap and clad, blanket, insulated covers and boxes. Explain the care of insulation and cladding and the importance of maintaining good condition.
Chapter 3 Steam Traps
Learning Outcome
Describe the designs, configurations and operation of the common valve designs that are used in power and process piping.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the factors that determine the suitability and applications of the major valve styles, namely gate, globe, ball, plug, butterfly and needle.
- Explain the factor that determine the selection of valve materials, and describe examples of typical valve materials, trim, and identification for common valve services.
- Describe the configurations and applications for gate valves, including gate designs (solid, split, flexible, sliding), stem configurations (rising, non-rising, outside screw-and-yoke, inside screw), and bonnet designs (flanged, screwed, welded).
- Describe the designs and applications of globe valves, including conventional disc, composition disc, plug-type disc, and angle valves. Describe high-pressure plug-type control valves.
- Describe the designs, application and operation of single-seated and double-seated balance valves. Explain caged trim for balanced control valves.
- Describe the designs and applications of typical plug valves, including tapered and cylindrical plug, four- way, eccentric, and jacketed.
- Describe the designs and configurations for mixing and diverter valves.
- Describe the designs and operations of diaphragm valves.
- Describe designs and operations of butterfly valves, including vertical, horizontal, swing- through, lined, and high-performance.
- Describe the design, application, and operation of gear, motor, air-diaphragm, and air piston actuators for valves.
Chapter 4 Pump Designs and Operation
Describe the designs, principles, components and operating procedures for common industrial pumps.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the principle of operation and describe the components of typical plunger, piston and diaphragm reciprocating pumps.
- Explain the designs and operating principles of the external gear, internal gear, sliding vane, lobe, and screw type rotary pumps.
- Explain the designs and operating principles of volute and diffuser centrifugal pumps, including impeller designs.
- Describe centrifugal pump arrangements, including vertical, horizontal, single and double suction, opposed impellers, multi-staging, split and barrel casings.
- Describe the design and applications of axial and mixed flow pumps.
- Describe the design and components of a multistage centrifugal pump, clearly stating the purpose and general design of: wear rings, shaft sleeves, seals, bearings and lubrication components, vents and drains.
- Explain design features that eliminate thrust in large centrifugal pumps.
- Describe systems used to maintain minimum flow through a centrifugal pump.
- Explain priming, start-up, capacity control and operating cautions for centrifugal pumps.
Chapter 5 Compressor Theory and Designs
Explain the classification, designs, and operating principles of industrial air and gas compressors.
- Explain compressor terminologies, including compression ratio, capacity, staging, intercooling, and aftercooling. Explain the effects of moisture in compressed gases. Explain the effects of altitude on the compression process.
- Describe the operation and common arrangements of reciprocating compressors, including single- acting, double-acting, and tandem arrangements.
- Identify the components of a reciprocating compressor and describe the operation of plate and channel valves.
- Describe internal and external lubrication systems for reciprocating compressors.
- Describe the design and explain the operating principles of rotary compressors, including sliding vane, rotary lobe, and rotary screw.
- Identify the components and controls for a packaged industrial screw compressor.
- Describe designs and principles of centrifugal compressors/blowers, including single and multi- stage designs.
- Describe designs and principles of axial compressors/blowers.
Chapter 6 Compressor Auxiliaries and Operation
Explain the controls and system auxiliaries for a typical instrument air system and explain startup procedures for air compressors.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the control devices and strategies for air compressors, including start-and-stop, variable speed, constant speed; describe pilot and unloader devices.
- Explain the design and operation of an anti-surge system for a dynamic compressor.
- Describe the designs of water and air-cooled aftercoolers and intercoolers, with separators.
- Describe the components, arrangement, and parameters of a typical, complete instrument air system, including wet and dry receivers, dryers.
- Describe the components and operating principles and sequences of instrument air dryers. Explain dewpoint monitoring of air systems.
- Describe the design, fittings, and operating consideration for air receivers.
- Explain the start-up procedure for a positive displacement compressor.
- Explain the start-up procedure for a dynamic compressor/blower.
Chapter 7 Types of Bearings and Lubrication
Learning Outcome
Describe bearing types, methods for care and maintenance of bearings, and bearing lubrication systems.
- Define boundary and full fluid film lubrication.
- Describe shell (sleeve) bearings.
- Describe the construction and operation of antifriction and thrust bearings.
- Describe how to clean and replace roller and ball type bearings.
- Explain the causes of bearing failure.
Chapter 8 Steam Turbine Principles and Design
Learning Outcome
Describe designs, operating principles and major components of steam turbines.
- Explain impulse turbine operating principles. Describe convergent and divergent nozzles, and the pressure-velocity profiles through an impulse section.
- Explain reaction turbine operating principles and describe the pressure-velocity profiles through reaction blading.
- Explain pressure, velocity, and pressure-velocity compounding of impulse turbines. Describe the velocity/pressure profiles and the purpose and applications of each.
- Explain the purpose, general operating principles and arrangement for each of the following turbine types: condensing, condensing-bleeder, backpressure, extraction, topping, mixed- pressure, cross- compounded, tandem compounded, double flow and reheat.
- Describe the designs of typical turbine casings and state the purpose and location of casing fittings, including drains and sentinel valves. Describe the designs and principles of casing/shaft seals.
- Describe the designs and applications of disc and drum rotors. Describe methods of rotor and casing blade attachment and explain blade-sealing arrangements.
- Explain thrust in a large turbine and describe methods to offset thrust, including thrust bearings, dummy piston, and thrust-adjusting gear.
- Identify typical designs and components for small and large industrial turbines. Explain typical size/ capacity rating specifications and explain typical applications.
- Explain the use and design of reducing gears attached to steam turbines.
Chapter 9 Steam Turbine Auxiliaries and Operation
Describe auxiliary support and control systems for steam turbines and explain start-up and shutdown procedures.
Learning Objectives
- Describe typical lube oil systems for small and large steam turbines.
- Explain the purpose and describe the design and operation of barring gear and jacking oil systems on a large turbine.
- Describe a condensing turbine circuit and explain typical operating parameters.
- Explain and state the applications, where applicable, of the following governor types: speed- sensitive, pressure-sensitive, nozzle, throttle, and bypass. Explain governor droop and isochronous control.
- Explain the operation and the major components of the three main speed-sensitive governor systems: mechanical, mechanical-hydraulic, and electronic-hydraulic.
- Explain the operation and describe the components of typical mechanical and electronic overspeed trip systems.
- Explain the sequence followed for the cold start-up and shutdown of a non-condensing steam turbine.
- Explain the sequence followed for the cold start-up and the shutdown of a condensing and extracting team turbine.
Chapter 10 Turbine Condenser Systems
Explain typical designs, components and operating principles of steam turbine condensers.
- Explain the purposes of a condenser in a steam plant cycle and describe a typical condensing circuit, with operating temperatures and pressures.
- Explain the design, operation and applications of the jet condenser, including the ejector type.
- Explain the design, operation and applications of the surface condenser, including air-cooled and water- cooled, downflow and central flow.
- Describe construction details for surface condensers, including shells, tube attachment, supports, and allowances for expansion.
- Explain the effects of air in a condenser and describe the design and operation of single and two-stage air ejectors. Explain the detection of condenser air leaks. Explain vacuum pumps.
- Explain the devices and operating considerations used to protect a condenser against high backpressure, high condensate level, and cooling water contamination. Describe a cooling water leak test.
- Describe the operating conditions and corresponding design considerations for condensate extraction pumps and cooling water pumps.
- Describe a feedwater heater system in conjunction with a steam condenser and explain the designs of low-pressure and high-pressure feedwater heaters.
Chapter 11 Gas Turbine Principles and Designs
Learning Outcome
Explain common designs, major components, operating principles, and arrangements for industrial gas turbines.
Learning Objectives
- Explain gas turbine advantages and disadvantages, background and industrial applications. Identify the types of gas turbines, their major components and describe the operating principles of a simple gas turbine.
- Explain single and dual shaft arrangements for gas turbines. Describe open cycle and closed cycle operation.
- Describe a typical open cycle gas turbine installation, including buildings or enclosures, intake and exhaust systems, auxiliary systems and reducing gear.
- Explain the efficiency and rating of gas turbines and describe the purpose and applications of gas turbine cycle improvements, including intercooling, regenerating, reheating and combined cycle.
- Describe the various aspects of compressor design and centrifugal and axial types of compressors.
- Describe the types, operation, components and arrangements of combustors.
- Describe power turbine section design and operation especially with respect to blading and materials.
- Explain the types and functions of the control systems and instrumentation needed for gas turbine operation.
- Explain the typical operating parameters of a gas turbine; describe the effects of compressor inlet temperature, compressor discharge pressure, and turbine inlet temperature on gas turbine performance.
Chapter 12 Gas Turbine Auxiliaries and Operation
Learning Outcome
Describe the support auxiliaries for a gas turbine and explain common operational, control and maintenance procedures.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the types of bearings used in a gas turbine and explain the components, operation, protective devices and routine maintenance of a typical lube oil system.
- Describe and explain the operation and routine maintenance of a typical fuel gas supply system for a gas turbine.
- Describe and explain the operation and routine maintenance of a typical fuel gas supply system for a gas turbine.
- Explain the control of NOX from a gas turbine and describe the purpose and operation of water/steam injection and dry low NOX systems.
- Explain the purpose, location and operation of the gas turbine starting motor and turning gear.
- Describe the compressor intake and the turbine exhaust components.
- Describe the preparation and complete start-up sequence for a gas turbine.
- Describe the shutdown sequence and procedure for a gas turbine.
- Explain the purpose and describe typical on-line and off-line waterwash procedures for gas turbine blades.
Chapter 13 Internal Combustion Engines
Explain the operating principles, designs, support systems, and operation of industrial internal combustion engines (ICE).
Learning Objectives
- Explain the principles of spark ignition and compression ignition; describe the operating cycles for two- stroke and four-stroke designs.
- Identify and state the purpose of the major mechanical components of an internal combustion engine.
- Describe carburetor, fuel injection, battery ignition, and magneto ignition systems for a spark ignition engine.
- Describe individual pump, distributor, and common rail fuel injection systems for a diesel engine.
- Explain the purpose and describe the operation of superchargers and turbochargers.
- Describe and explain the operation of a typical cooling system for an industrial ICE.
- Describe and explain the operation of a typical lubrication system for an industrial ICE.
- Describe engine-starting devices/systems for diesel and gas engines.
- Explain the monitoring, protection and control devices on a large industrial diesel or gas engine, including shutdowns and governing.
- Explain a typical start-up procedure for a large industrial diesel engine, plus the routine monitoring requirements of a running engine.
Chapter 14 Cooling Tower and Condenser Water Treatment
Discuss the general principles, methods, and equipment used for the treatment of condenser water, and their effects on the cooling tower.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the effects of water on condensers and cooling tower materials.
- Describe condenser and cooling tower water treatment.
- Describe cooling tower and condenser water tests for common treatment methods.
Chapter 15 Fired Heaters
Learning Outcome
Describe the design, components, operation, and applications of direct-fired and indirect-fired natural draft process heaters.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the common process applications for direct-fired heaters. Explain direct-fired heater designs and classifications.
- Describe the design, identify the tube banks and explain the fluid and combustion gas flows through a multi-burner, vertical fired heater.
- Describe typical burner designs and configurations, identifying burner components, including air registers, pilots, and flame scanners. Describe burner operation.
- Describe the fuel gas supply system to the burners and explain the purpose of the major fittings.
- Describe the monitoring, control, and shutdown devices on a typical heater.
- Explain a heater start-up procedure, including the lighting of additional burners once flame is established. Explain heater shutdown procedure.
- Describe the design, components and operation of a typical horizontal, indirect-fired heater such as a salt bath heater.
- Explain start-up and shutdown procedures for an indirect-fired heater.
Chapter 16 Transformers
Describe the operating principles of electrical transformers.
- Describe the principle of operation of transformers.
- Perform basic transformer calculations as they relate to the construction and operation of single-phase transformers.
- Describe the construction and operation of three-phase transformers.
- Discuss special transformer types and their applications.
- Discuss transformer cooling, safety, and maintenance.
Chapter 17 Electrical Distribution Circuits
Describe an electrical distribution system.
Learning Objectives
- List and describe the standard types of electrical voltage systems.
- Interpret electrical single-line diagrams and circuit symbols.
- Describe the major components of an electrical distribution system.
- Describe the function and operation of fuses and circuit breakers.
- Describe the function and operation of alternate power supply system equipment.
Chapter 18 Electrical Theory and DC Machine
Explain basic concepts in the production of electricity and the design, characteristics and operation of DC generators and motors.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the production of electron flow in a circuit and define circuit voltage, amperage and resistance.
- Explain electromagnetic induction and how it produces generator action and motor action.
- Describe the design and operating principles of a DC generator or motor, clearly stating the purposes of the armature, brushes, windings and poles.
- Explain how generated voltage, armature reaction, and torque are created and their influence on a DC generator. Given the speed, flux, number of poles, and number of conductors, calculate the EMF induced in a DC generator.
- Explain separate and self-excitation and describe the voltage/load characteristics of shunt, series and compound generators. State where the various types would be used. Explain how excitation of a DC generator is controlled.
- Explain the speed/load characteristics of shunt, series and compound DC motors; define and calculate percent speed regulation and explain how speed is controlled in DC motors.
- Explain DC motor torque characteristics and describe the starting mechanisms for DC motors.
Chapter 19 AC Theory and Machines
Explain formation and characteristics of AC power, and describe the design, construction and operating principles of AC generators, motors and transformers.
Learning Objectives
- Explain the creation of single-phase and three-phase alternating power, define cycle, frequency and phase relationships (voltage/current) for AC sine waves.
- Define the following terms and explain their relationship in an AC circuit: inductance, capacitance, reactance, impedance, power factor, alternator ratings (kVA and KW).
- Describe the stator and rotor designs, operation, and applications for salient pole and cylindrical rotor alternators.
- Describe water, air and hydrogen cooling systems for large generators.
- Explain parallel operations of alternators and state the requirements for synchronization. Describe manual and automatic synchronization.
- Describe the design, applications and operating principles for large three-phase squirrel cage and wound rotor induction motors.
- Describe the design and operating principle of synchronous motors.
- Explain variable speed control, variable speed starting, and step starting for large induction motors.
- Explain the principles and applications of power transformers. Perform transformer calculations.
- Describe the designs and components of typical core and shell type transformers, including cooling components.
Chapter 20 AC Systems, Switchgear, Safety
Learning Outcome
Identify the components of typical AC systems and switchgear and discuss safety around electrical systems and equipment.
Learning Objectives
- Using a one-line electrical drawing, identify the layout of a typical industrial AC power system with multiple generators, and explain the interaction of the major components.
- Explain the function of the typical gauges, meters, and switches on an AC generator panel.
- Explain the purpose and function of the circuit protective and switching equipment associated with an AC generator: fuses, safety switches, circuit breakers, circuit protection relays, and automatic bus switchover.
- Explain the components and operation of a typical Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) system.
- Explain the safety procedures and precautions that must be exercised when working around and operating electrical system components. Explain grounding.
Chapter 21 Electrical Control Systems
Learning Outcome
Describe the design and operation of electrical control systems.
- Describe the basic construction and operation of various electric control system components.
- Describe the function of control devices in electric control systems.
- Explain the operating sequence of basic electric control circuits.
Chapter 22 Control Loops and Strategies
Explain the operation and components of pneumatic, electronic and digital control loops, and discuss control modes and strategies.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the operation, components and terminologies for a typical control loop.
- Describe the operation and components of a purely pneumatic control loop. Explain the function of each component.
- Describe the operation and components of an analog/electronic control loop. Explain the function of each component.
- Describe the operation and components of a digital control loop. Explain the function of each component.
- Explain the purpose, operation, and give examples of on-off, proportional, proportional-plus- reset, and proportional-plus-reset-plus-derivative control. Define proportional band and gain.
- Describe and give typical examples of feed forward, feed back, cascade, ratio, split-range, and select control.
- Explain, with examples, the purpose and incorporation of alarms and shutdowns into a control loop/ system.
- Explain the interactions that occur and the interfaces that exist between an operator and the various components of a control loop/system, including the components of a controller interface.
Chapter 23 Instrument and Control Devices
Learning Outcome
Explain the operating principles of various instrument devices that are used to measure and control process conditions.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the design, operation and applications for the following temperature devices: bimetallic thermometer, filled thermal element, thermocouple, RTD, thermistor, radiation and optical pyrometers.
- Describe the design, operation and applications for the following pressure devices: Bourdon tubes, bellows, capsules, diaphragms, and absolute pressure gauge.
- Describe the design, operation and applications for the following flow devices: orifice plate, venturi tube, flow nozzle, square root extractor, pitot tube, elbow taps, target meter, variable area, nutating disc, rotary meter and magnetic flowmeter.
- Describe the design, operation and applications for the following level devices: atmospheric and pressure bubblers, diaphragm box, differential pressure transmitters, capacitance probe, conductance probes, radiation and ultrasonic detectors, and load cells.
Chapter 24 Distributed and Logic Control
Learning Outcome
Explain the general purpose, design, components and operation of distributed and programmable logic control systems.
Learning Objectives
- Explain distributed control and describe the layout and functioning of a typical distributed control system. Explain the function of each major component of the system.
- Identify and explain the functions of the major components of the operator interface unit (OIU), including controller interfaces, displays, alarms and shutdown.
- State typical applications and explain the purpose and functioning of a programmable logic controller, including the operator interfaces. Explain a ladder logic diagram.
- State the purpose and explain the general functioning of a communication and data acquisition system (eg. SCADA) as it relates to process control.
Chapter 25 Powerhouse Maintenance II
Discuss and describe the safe and proper setup of equipment for hoisting and working above ground.
- Describe the requirements for setting up work platforms in general and ladders and scaffolding in particular.
- Describe the general safety precautions and calculations used when rigging equipment.
- Describe the general safety precautions used when hoisting equipment.
- Discuss the correct use and limitations of wire cable and rope, including cable attachments and rope knots.
- List and describe common types of metal fasteners, such as screws, bolts, studs, nuts, and washers.
- Describe the design of watertube and coil tube heating boilers.
- Describe cast iron boilers and vertical firetube boilers.
- Describe the construction and application of firetube heating boiler designs.
- Details
Project Title: Building Operator |
|
Date: 11/4/2021 |
|
Unit # |
Unit Title |
Chapter # |
Chapter Title |
Building Operator Part A |
|||
1 |
Boiler Details |
1 |
Watertube Boilers (Heating, Power, and Tubular) |
1 |
Boiler Details |
2 |
Cast-Iron Sectional and Modular Boilers |
1 |
Boiler Details |
3 |
Firetube Boilers (Heating and Power) |
1 |
Boiler Details |
4 |
Electric Boilers |
2 |
Boiler Fittings and Controls |
1 |
Basic Fittings for Steam Boilers |
2 |
Boiler Fittings and Controls |
2 |
Basic Fittings for Hot Water Boilers |
2 |
Boiler Fittings and Controls |
3 |
Water Level Safety Controls |
2 |
Boiler Fittings and Controls |
4 |
Firing-Rate Controllers and Safety Interlocks |
2 |
Boiler Fittings and Controls |
5 |
Boiler Combustion Controls |
2 |
Boiler Fittings and Controls |
6 |
Boiler Programming Controls. |
3 |
Boiler Operation and Maintenance |
1 |
Basic Boiler Operation |
3 |
Boiler Operation and Maintenance |
2 |
Routine Boiler Maintenance and Inspection |
4 |
Fuels and Combustion |
1 |
Combustion and Draft |
4 |
Fuels and Combustion |
2 |
Burners for Boilers |
5 |
Piping and Valves |
1 |
Piping Materials and Connections |
5 |
Piping and Valves |
2 |
Piping Expansion, Support, and Insulation |
5 |
Piping and Valves |
3 |
Steam Traps |
5 |
Piping and Valves |
4 |
Introduction to Valves |
6 |
Pumps and Air Compressors |
1 |
Air Compression |
6 |
Pumps and Air Compressors |
2 |
Types of Pumps |
6 |
Pumps and Air Compressors |
3 |
Pump Operation and Maintenance |
6 |
Pumps and Air Compressors |
4 |
Lubrication |
6 |
Pumps and Air Compressors |
5 |
Types of Bearing Lubrication |
7 |
Water Treatment |
1 |
Water Treatment |
7 |
Water Treatment |
2 |
Monitoring and Testing |
Building Operator Part B |
|||
1 |
Heating Systems and Human Comfort |
1 |
Heat Gains and Losses |
1 |
Heating Systems and Human Comfort |
2 |
Steam Heating Equipment |
1 |
Heating Systems and Human Comfort |
3 |
Steam Heating Systems |
1 |
Heating Systems and Human Comfort |
4 |
Hot Water Heating Systems |
1 |
Heating Systems and Human Comfort |
5 |
Hot Water Heating System Equipment and Operation |
1 |
Heating Systems and Human Comfort |
6 |
Warm Air Heating System Equipment |
1 |
Heating Systems and Human Comfort |
7 |
Warm Air Furnace Components and Maintenance |
1 |
Heating Systems and Human Comfort |
8 |
Ventilation and Air Filters |
1 |
Heating Systems and Human Comfort |
9 |
Infrared and Electric Heating |
1 |
Heating Systems and Human Comfort |
10 |
Humidification |
1 |
Heating Systems and Human Comfort |
11 |
Electric Controls for Heating Systems |
2 |
Plumbing and Auxiliaries |
1 |
Building Water Supply Systems |
2 |
Plumbing and Auxiliaries |
2 |
Sanitary Drainage Systems |
3 |
Lighting |
1 |
Lighting Systems |
4 |
Refrigeration |
1 |
Refrigeration Theory |
4 |
Refrigeration |
2 |
Refrigerants |
Copyright © 2022 nilupe. All Rights Reserved.
Privacy Policy | Terms and Conditions of Use