Learning Outcome

Discuss the significance of common water impurities, and the application of water analyses.

Learning Objectives

1. Describe the sources of the impurities found in raw water.
2. Describe the effect of the listed water impurities on power plant equipment and processes.
3. Explain the significance and importance of standard methods of water analysis.
4. Describe which analyses are appropriate at given sampling points including the significance of the sampling point locations.
5. Interpret the results of a comprehensive standardized water analysis including the relationship of the various parameters.
6. Explain the purposes and principles of testing instruments, including embrittlement detector, total solids meter, and pH meter.
7. Explain the purpose of steam purity measurement and process of steam sampling.

Learning Outcome

Describe water pre-treatment processes for removal of suspended solids, oil, and gases.

Learning Objectives

1. Explain the purpose, equipment, operation, and limitations of sedimentation.
2. Explain the purpose, equipment, operation, and limitations of coagulation and flocculation.
3. Explain the purpose, equipment, operation, and limitations of filtration.
4. Explain the purpose, principles, equipment, operation, and limitations of microfiltration.
5. Describe how oil is removed from water.
6. Explain the purpose, equipment, operation, and limitations of mechanical deaeration.
7. Explain the purpose, equipment, operation, and limitations of evaporation.

Learning Outcome

Describe water pre-treatment processes for ion removal.

Learning Objectives

1. Explain the purpose, equipment, and operation of lime‐soda softening.
2. Explain the purpose, equipment, operation, and limitations of hot process phosphate softening.
3. Explain the purpose, equipment, operation, and limitations of sodium zeolite softening.
4. Explain the purpose, equipment, and operation of hydrogen zeolite softening.
5. Describe how silica is removed from water.
6. Explain the purpose, equipment, and operation, of demineralization, including condensate polishing.
7. Explain the purpose, equipment, and operation of electrodialysis (ED) and electrodeionization (EDI).
8. Explain the purpose, equipment and operation of reverse osmosis (RO).

Learning Outcome

Describe water pre-treatment processes for ion removal.

Learning Objectives

1. 1. Explain the causes, effects, and control of scale.
2. Explain the causes, effects, and control of foam in boiler water.
3. Explain the causes, effects, and control of caustic embrittlement.
4. Explain the causes, effects, and control of return line corrosion.
5. Explain the use of chelating agents in boiler water.
6. Explain the use of sludge conditioning in boiler water.
7. Explain the use of pH control in boiler water.
8. Explain the use of chemical deaeration in boiler water.
9. Explain the causes, effects, and control of carryover of boiler water.
10. Explain the use of blowdown from boiler water.
11. Explain the use and control of chemical feed systems for boiler water.
12. Explain the control of silica to avoid turbine blade deposits.

Learning Outcome

Describe water pre-treatment processes for ion removal.

Learning Objectives

1. List the water impurities of concern in a cooling water system and the effects caused by each one.
2. Describe control methods for a cooling water system for control of corrosion, fouling, and microbiological attack including chloride corrosion, and delignification.
3. Describe the potential effects of wastewater discharge.
4. Compare and contrast mechanical, chemical, and biological methods of wastewater treatment including the advantages and disadvantages of each.
5. Specify an appropriate method of wastewater treatment for a particular case study.
6. Describe the methods used for potable water treatment and analysis.